2023-2024 Gender-based analysis (GBA) plus

Subprogram Context

The Communicable Disease Control and Management (CDCM) Program aims to reduce the incidence and impact of communicable diseases among First Nations on reserves and Inuit communities. Key activities include prevention, treatment, outbreak control, and public education on infection prevention. The program acknowledges the lasting effects of colonization, which create barriers to access and contribute to health disparities, particularly among sub-populations. By incorporating GBA Plus considerations, CDCM supports regions in collaborating with communities to implement targeted actions.

Focus Population

First Nations communities and Inuit in the provinces, as well as tuberculosis programming for Inuit in the territories.

Program Goals

With considerable limitations, GBA Plus was not applied in the design of the Communicable Disease Control and Management subprogram, and, subject to data availability and data sharing agreements developments, the program has limited ability to report on the progress with addressing communicable diseases impacts for diverse groups of individuals or communities.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve, Rural Areas, Remote/Isolated regions, Inuit Nunangat, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Intersecting health and socioeconomic challenges create additional risk factors and barriers (such as socio-economic challenges including overcrowded housing, malnutrition, and substance misuse) for certain populations within communities that elevate their risk related to communicable diseases. GBA Plus and research has indicated that communicable diseases disproportionately impact groups such as women, children, the elderly, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and persons with disabilities, among others.

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Communicable Disease Control and Management (CDCM) program collects sex-disaggregated data on various communicable diseases, including STBBIs (HIV, hepatitis C, syphilis), tuberculosis, and vaccine-preventable diseases. This data helps monitor trends and assess program impacts. The program uses data from various sources, including the Public Health Agency of Canada and provincial surveillance systems, to evaluate disease treatment uptake and program effectiveness for diverse groups.

For 2022, the program has received sex-disaggregated data and will use it as a baseline to track disease burden and program impacts. The CDCM is working with First Nations communities to develop new data sharing agreements and has invested in real-time data systems for improved case management and surveillance. A pilot project is underway to transition infectious syphilis reporting from Excel-based methods to more timely, integrated tools. The program is also focused on systematic data collection by gender, age, and other health determinants, in line with OCAP^® principles.

Subprogram Context

Environmental Public Health (EPH) services aim to identify, mitigate and/or prevent human health risks associated with exposure to hazards within the natural and built environments in First Nations communities south of the 60th parallel, and, in some cases, in the North. These services address challenges such as sub-standard housing and living conditions; drinking water quality and poorly operated wastewater systems; a lack of certified water plant operators; climate change; geography; and, socio-economic inequalities. Key activities include public education, training, and environmental public health assessments and, the provision of advice and recommendations. EPH Officers work with First Nations Authorities to identify environmental public health priorities and risks, EPH services also support First Nations to understand their exposure to environmental contaminants, health impacts of climate change, and potential health impacts of large-scale industrial developments including through community-based research.

Focus Population

Regional-based services: All First Nations individuals on reserve south of the 60th parallel.

First Nations Environmental Contaminants Program: All First Nations individuals on reserve, not including British Columbia, with a specific focus on youth, Elders and other populations at higher risk of certain exposures.

Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program: All First Nations individuals on reserve and Inuit in the North, with a specific focus on youth and Elders.

First Nations Baseline Assessment Program on Health and the Environment: All First Nations communities south of the 60th parallel, not including British Columbia.

Environmental Public Health Officers: Certified health professionals, employed by ISC or First Nations organizations, delivering Environmental Public Health Services directly to First Nations communities.

Program Goals

Environmental Public Health Officers identify, mitigate and/or prevent human health risks associated with exposure to hazards and potential risks in the places in which First Nations people live, learn, work, and play in First Nations communities. EPH Officers work with First Nations authorities to identify priorities and risks by prioritizing those areas and facilities where more vulnerable populations may be present, including infants/children, breastfeeding women and elders, and where they may be an increased risk.

The First Nations Baseline Assessment Program on Health and the Environment is a community-based research program that brings together First Nations communities, principal investigators and scientists to gather baseline data on human health and the environment. A baseline measures the state of human health and environmental indicators at present, so they can be used to show changes over time. Projects support involvement of diverse sub-populations, e.g. differently abled, gender-diverse, harvesters.

The Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program (CCHAP) requires all community-based funded projects to include a youth and Elder component to their work to ensure generational experiences are addressed.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Services are offered at the community level, primarily benefiting those most vulnerable to environmental public health risks, such as children, youth, Elders, and individuals with underlying health conditions. These risks are continually reassessed as new information emerges. The Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program (CCHAP) aims to support all community members, with a particular focus on children and youth, who will experience the impacts of climate change most acutely over time.

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

As the ISC Environmental Public Health Recruitment and Retention Strategy is implemented, Environmental Public Health Services will track the number of self-identified Indigenous people and women hired by ISC. The Impact Assessment and Health Service stream is organizing workshops with community/Tribal Councils and regional First Nations to gather perspectives and concerns. Results will be analyzed based on self-declared identity characteristics.

The Food, Environment, Health, and Nutrition of First Nations Children and Youth (FEHNCY) research study uses GBA Plus to analyze data, including demographic characteristics, nutrient intake, and contaminant exposure by sex and age groups. The Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program (CCHAP) collects data on Elder and youth involvement and impacts through final activity reports.

Subprogram Context

Healthy Child Development services support community-based services along a continuum of care from pre-conception and pregnancy through to birth, infancy and early childhood development. The areas of focus include prenatal health, postnatal health and newborn care, nutrition, early literacy and learning, and physical, emotional and mental health.

Focus Population

First Nations communities and Inuit.

Program Goals

The program will continue to work with Indigenous partners, including the Indigenous Women's Well-Being Advisory Committee (IWAC) as well as through the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Transformation Initiative, to ensure new programming is designed and guided by Indigenous Peoples, consistent with GBA Plus best practice.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve; remote/isolated regions; rural areas; Inuit Nunangat; Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

The gender distribution of benefits from the Healthy Child Development (HCD) cluster varies by program. Maternal Child Health and the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program primarily serve women. The Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder program provides prevention for pregnant individuals and non-gender-specific screening and case management for children. Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve targets children from birth to age 6 and their families, without gender specificity.

The Maternal Child Health program is adaptable to the needs of First Nations and Inuit parents, who are often younger, have more children, and are less likely to be married or in common-law relationships compared to non-Indigenous parents. Rural and remote families face additional challenges in accessing services. Inuit Nunangat's four regions—Inuvialuit, Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut—have self-governing agreements that include HCD program funding. Each region tailors its programs to meet the specific needs and priorities of its beneficiaries.

Key program impact statistics

In the future, the program will report on the indicator: "Percentage of communities with access to midwifery and/or doula services"

Other Key program Impacts

The Healthy Child Development program cluster continues to provide prenatal and maternal supports to pregnant people, as well as supports meant to ensure children have the best start in life by equipping them to excel in school with a strong foundation in their language and culture.

The Indigenous Women's Well-being Advisory Committee continues to provide a platform for organizations serving Indigenous women, youth, Two-Spirit, queer and non-binary folks to advocate for policy and programmatic interventions that are of the most importance for the members they serve. This Committee creates an enabling space for the department to ensure that policy development is intersectional.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Going forward, the program will continue to work with Indigenous partners, including the Indigenous Women's Well-being Advisory Committee as well as through the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Transformation Initiative, to ensure new programming and results frameworks are designed and guided by Indigenous Peoples, consistent with GBA Plus best practice.

Subprogram Context

The Healthy Living (HL) Program aims to tackle risk factors and health outcomes related to chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as well as injuries, among First Nations and Inuit individuals and communities. It funds and supports culturally relevant, community-based programs and policies focused on healthy eating, food security, physical activity, tobacco prevention and cessation, chronic disease management, and injury prevention.

The HL Program includes several key areas: Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative, Nutrition North Canada Nutrition Education Initiatives, Canada's Tobacco Strategy, Nutrition Policy, Chronic Disease Prevention Policy, and Injury Prevention Policy. It collaborates with Healthy Child Development, Mental Wellness, Environmental Public Health, Home and Community Care, First Nations and Inuit partners, other federal departments, and provincial and territorial governments to enhance policies and services that promote health and well-being.

Focus Population

First Nations and Inuit communities.

Program Goals

Healthy Living programs and services are supported by flexible, community-based funding, allowing communities to design and implement activities tailored to their unique needs and priorities. Communities can adapt their programs to ensure accessibility for their priority populations and sub-populations. They have the option to hold engagement sessions and gather input from these groups to better understand their needs and preferences, leading to more effective and inclusive outcomes. The flexibility of the Healthy Living program enables communities to incorporate their cultural values and preferences into the design and delivery of their programs and services.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; rural areas; remote/isolated regions; Inuit Nunangat; Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit; Metis

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

The Healthy Living subprogram cannot report on impacts for specific subpopulations or demographics.

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan:

Healthy Living programs do not directly collect enough data to monitor impacts by gender and diversity, focusing instead on community-level reporting to reduce the burden and support self-determination. While reporting does not include individual-level data, discussions with partners, like the Indigenous Community of Practice for Canada's Tobacco Strategy, offer opportunities to gather qualitative GBA Plus-related information. The program also seeks data from tools like the First Nations Regional Health Survey and the Qanuippitaa? National Inuit Health Survey, which provide statistics on indicators such as rates of chronic disease and health outcomes that can be disaggregated by gender, age and geography. Limited demographic data (gender, age) from the NNC-Nutrition Education Initiatives are being analyzed for 2022-23 and will be available later in 2024-25, with further revisions to reporting templates planned for 2025-26.

Subprogram Context

The Mental Wellness Program aims to support the mental health of First Nations and Inuit individuals, families, and communities. It funds Indigenous communities and organizations to provide mental wellness services. Eligible activities include promoting mental wellness, preventing substance abuse and suicide, establishing mental wellness teams, and offering emotional, cultural, and mental health counselling for those affected by Indian Residential Schools, Federal Indian Day Schools, and Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. The program collaborates with other First Nations and Inuit Health Branch initiatives, such as Supplementary Health Benefits, to improve access to mental wellness services and outcomes.

Focus Population

First Nations on-reserve and Inuit living in legally recognized Inuit communities. Regardless of status or place of residence Survivors and Intergenerational Survivors of Indian Residential Schools; Survivors and Intergenerational Survivors of Federal Indian Day Schools and Survivors, family members and those directly impacted by the ongoing crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Elements of the mental wellness program are intended to provide tailored supports and services to specific groups including, among others, survivors and intergenerational survivors of Indian Residential Schools; people affected by the issue of Missing and Murdered Women, Girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people; former students of Federal Indian Day Schools and their family members; and Indigenous people affected by colonial harms.

Program Goals

The Mental Wellness Program works closely with Indigenous partners, organizations and communities to support mental wellness services that are Indigenous-led, culturally relevant, trauma-informed, community-based and inclusive. The program's efforts are strongly guided by Indigenous-led frameworks, which outline a comprehensive, strengths-based approach that identifies the need for specific supports for populations at risk, including across genders and for individuals who identify as 2SLGBTQI+.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve; Urban Centres; Rural Areas; Remote/Isolated Regions; Inuit Nunangat; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit; Metis

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

In 2023-24, ISC advanced its distinctions-based mental health and wellness strategies for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. This funding fostered Indigenous-led, culturally relevant initiatives such as community-based mental wellness promotion, suicide prevention, crisis response, and substance use treatment. The Mental Wellness Program expanded access to community-based supports, enhanced substance use treatment and prevention, and supported workforce development. Additionally, efforts were made to address high suicide rates through initiatives like the Inuit-led National Inuit Suicide Prevention Strategy and the Youth Hope Fund.

The Trauma-Informed Health and Cultural Support Programs continued to provide cultural and emotional supports, including access to Elders, health workers, and mental health counseling. These programs also funded transportation services to improve access to necessary supports. To address barriers such as geographic isolation and disabilities, the funding included crisis lines and helplines available 24/7 in multiple languages. Furthermore, ISC supports 75 Mental Wellness Teams across Canada, which offer diverse, community-driven mental wellness services, and funds a network of 45 treatment centers and opioid agonist therapy sites to address substance use and the opioid crisis.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

For Mental Wellness programming, funding partners are responsible for designing and delivering community health services tailored to their specific needs and priorities. To minimize the reporting burden on these partners, data collection processes are regularly reviewed and streamlined. Annual results and reports from Data Collection Instruments for Mental Wellness Program contributions are collected by regions in Q2 of the following fiscal year, with results published in Q4. Consequently, results for 2023-24 are not yet available.

The Mental Wellness Program will continue to utilize data from surveys such as the Regional Health Survey, Indigenous Peoples Survey, and the forthcoming National Inuit Health Survey. New data on self-rated mental health is expected from the initial panel survey of First Nations living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit, which draws from the Indigenous Peoples Survey 2022-23. The program prioritizes Indigenous-led data strategies that focus on distinctions and aggregate-level, outcomes-based reporting, supporting Indigenous communities' control over their data and storytelling. It is also exploring ways to integrate Indigenous-developed indicators and measurements into its reporting.

Subprogram Context

The objective of the Home and Community Care program is to provide home and community care services to First Nations and Inuit. Key Home and Community Care services include: 1) essential services (including client assessments, case management, nursing, personal and supportive care, in-home respite, and linkages and referrals to other health and social services); and, 2) supportive services (that may include rehabilitation and other therapies, in-home palliative care, adult day care, meal programs, and in-home mental health care). Home and Community Care works closely with Healthy Living programming to deliver training to nurses on chronic disease management strategies.

Focus Population

First Nations individuals on-reserve and Inuit people living in Inuit communities of all ages.

Program Goals

The Home and Community Care program is almost completely transferred with a wide coverage area (98% of First Nation communities and 100% of Inuit communities, in 686 First Nations and Inuit communities). Program recipients are responsible for managing human health resources as well as the intake and assessment of First Nations and Inuit people requiring home and community care services. The program's high devolvement to communities is viewed as enabling communities to administer safe, high-quality services to anyone with medical need regardless of age or income, in a way that ensures alignment with their own priorities and includes a suite of essential primary care services provided to First Nations and Inuit people of all ages, including vulnerable seniors and those living with disabilities and acute or chronic illness.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits seniors or the baby boom generation
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve, and Inuit Nunangat
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

The program offers support to individuals with complex continuing care needs, including seniors and people living with disabilities facing acute or chronic illnesses. It implements care plans to maintain or improve their functioning, enabling them to stay in their preferred care setting, often their home. Home health professionals regularly assess clients for health condition exacerbations and apply interventions to prevent or address these issues, which helps avoid adverse health outcomes, hospitalizations, or institutionalization.

The program also provides short-term care for individuals with acute illnesses, delivered at home by certified health providers such as nurses and personal support workers. This care facilitates recovery from surgery or acute conditions, potentially avoiding hospitalizations outside the home community and supporting early discharge after hospitalization. Additionally, through the Home and Community Care Program, Indigenous peoples receive culturally sensitive palliative and end-of-life care, allowing them to remain near their families and communities. In 2023-24, the program worked with Health Canada to improve access to such care by funding Indigenous engagement initiatives, resulting in an Indigenous palliative care framework set to be published in 2024-25. While primarily serving older adults, the program also supports pediatric clients needing complex nursing interventions and wraparound case management in their home communities.

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Consistently accessible and culturally-appropriate care at home is key to improving Home and Community Care program outcomes, including in relation to palliative care. In 2023-2034 ISC collaborated with Health Canada to advance the government's Framework and Action Plan on Palliative Care and lay a better foundation to reduce health inequalities to palliative care that is high quality, culturally safe and accessible close to home. This investment of $1.17 million funded four Indigenous partners to develop an Indigenous Distinctions Based Palliative Care Framework, and to engage on Indigenous perspectives on Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD). The Framework will be published by Health Canada in 2024-2025.

In Indigenous communities, vascular disease and diabetes account for a particularly significant number of non-traumatic lower-limb amputations, many of which are preventable. To reduce health inequities, improve health outcomes and promote greater access to quality and culturally-appropriate care, ISC hosts a bi-monthly Lower Limb Preservation Knowledge Sharing Circle where front-line providers in First Nations and Inuit communities can share knowledge and experiences with wound care knowledge keepers about common and best practices, and about standards of care that support the prevention, assessment, treatment and rehabilitation for lower limbs. Reducing lower-limb amputation represents one more step in preventing avoidable health struggles and further enabling Indigenous people to live to their best possible health.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

ISC established a Data Strategy Working Group in Fall 2023 to develop a new data strategy for Home and Long-Term Care, in collaboration with Indigenous partners. This strategy aims to reflect both Indigenous and Government of Canada priorities, enhance community data capacity, and support data sovereignty aligned with First Nations' worldviews. In 2024-2025, the data working group will expand to include Indigenous health data experts and partners. ISC will work in collaboration with these experts and partners on the Home and Long Term Care data strategy to incorporate feedback from ongoing Indigenous partner engagement, to support the development of a data strategy to measure current and prospective demand for program services relative to the capacity to provide them; enable trend analysis that may be incorporated with other data sources to support prediction of future demands, and to support health equity. The working group will also consider options that support data disaggregation to capture geographical variability patterns. The new strategy, set to be implemented in 2025-2026, will improve data forecasting and alignment with client and community needs.

Subprogram Context

The Assisted Living (AL) program is a component of Canada's social safety net meant to align with similar provincial and territorial programs. The objective of the Assisted Living program is that in-home, group-home and institutional care supports are accessible to eligible low-income individuals to help maintain their independence for as long as possible. This residency-based program provides funding to First Nations, provinces and the Yukon Territory on an annual basis through negotiated funding agreements for non-medical social supports, as well as training and support for service delivery so that seniors and persons with disabilities can maintain functional independence within their home communities. There are three major components to the program: in-home care, adult foster care and institutional care.

Focus Population

Eligible individuals who are ordinarily resident on reserve or Status Indians in the Yukon territory who do not have the means to obtain such services themselves.

Program Goals

The Assisted Living subprogram is designed to compliment non-medical social service provision at the provincial/territorial level off-reserve for individuals ordinarily residing on-reserve. Provision of these services alleviates systemic burdens on women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities in Indigenous Communities, many of which are remote.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits seniors or the baby boom generation
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve, Remote/Isolated regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

The Assisted Living program is designed to specifically serve sub-populations of Indigenous people that have unique needs or experience. For example, seniors make up the majority of those served, but persons with disabilities are also eligible. The program takes steps to ensure that certain subpopulations are eligible to receive funding and that program elements are suitable and responsive to their needs.

Current available data provides limited insight into the extent of a differential impact of the availability of services on women and men. However based on data from provinces and territories and on reserve demographic data, it is assumed that the proportion of women care-givers and beneficiaries who are dependent on assisted living services is high. The department recognizes that Assisted Living supports have the potential for greater positive impact for women, as social, economic, and cultural conditions are likely to create differential impacts on women because they generally shoulder more responsibilities for the care of children, and adults with functional limitations.

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

The Assisted Living program helps low-income First Nations seniors and persons with disabilities remain in their communities. The program ensures access to home care, long-term care, and disability services for individuals lacking financial or family support, acting as a vital safety net. By funding respite care and homemaking services, it alleviates the burden on family caregivers, most of whom are women. It also generates stable, year-round employment for personal support workers, tradespeople, administrators, and homemakers, boosting local economies. Increasingly, culturally safe services incorporating traditional foods and medicines are being adopted, fostering the preservation and celebration of cultural knowledge.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Assisted Living Program, along with the First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care sub-programs, is collaborating with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities to develop a new distinctions-based Long-Term and Continuing Care framework. This framework aims to cover a broad range of services, including support for individuals with disabilities, Indigenous women, 2SLGBTQI+ people, low-income individuals, aging-in-place approaches, and improvements to facility-based care.

As the framework is developed, addressing data collection and analysis to better reflect all sub-populations will be a key concern. Currently, there are significant data gaps affecting service delivery for these groups, which will be addressed during the policy development and framework implementation phases. The data collection and analysis plan will be co-developed in a way that is consistent with partner priorities, and that would also support partners to have the information they require to make decisions.

Subprogram Context

The objective of the Clinical and Client Care (CCC) Program is to provide urgent/emergent and primary care services to First Nations individuals, families, and communities in remote and isolated First Nations communities. CCC services are crucial in improving the health status of First Nations in communities where primary care services would otherwise be hours away. Key services supporting program delivery include: triage; emergency resuscitation and stabilization; emergency ambulatory care; outpatient non-urgent services (including public health); coordinated/integrated care and referral to appropriate provincial secondary and tertiary levels of care; and, in two communities, hospital inpatient, ambulatory and emergency services.

Focus Population

Clinical and Client Care (CCC) services are delivered in 74 nursing stations, five health centers with treatment located across five regions and two hospitals in Manitoba. ISC is responsible for the direct delivery of services in 50 remote/isolated First Nations communities in four regions. The program serves anyone living in the communities where Clinical and Client Care is delivered; this includes health care professionals and other professionals who live and work in the community (i.e. teachers, police, etc.).

Program Goals

The Clinical and Client Care program is dedicated to providing essential health services to remote and isolated communities in regions where primary care is not available or delivered by provincial care systems. This includes preventative health, emergency, ambulatory, and outpatient care. The program supports diverse needs by providing culturally sensitive care across any age and medical conditions regardless of background, identity or circumstance while respecting traditions, addressing specific health impacts of intergenerational trauma, and addressing the unique needs of subpopulations. The review and update of Clinical Care Pathways (CCPs) (i.e., clinical practice guidelines) is an ongoing initiative to tailor care to the diverse needs of remote Indigenous communities. The CCPs are designed to be client-centered, trauma-informed, and culturally safe, incorporating an intersectional understanding of health inequalities related to sex, gender, socio-economic status, geographic factors, and historical injustices.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; remote/isolated regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Clinical and Client Care (CCC) programming is evidence-based and grounded in best practices, with nurses providing the primary services. Nursing practice adheres to ethical codes that emphasize treating individuals with respect, recognizing diversity, and avoiding assumptions. The program focuses on collaboration to ensure accessible services and to address any barriers, taking into account the disproportionate burden of diseases like cardiovascular conditions and diabetes among Indigenous clients, especially those in remote communities.

Additionally, CCC services are affected by the gendered nature of the healthcare workforce, with a significant representation of women among nurses. Efforts are ongoing to recruit and retain qualified nurses to ensure continued care, which benefits from the high representation of women in the field. Historically, access to CCC services in remote and isolated communities has been inconsistent, but efforts are now focused on improving service availability for all residents, workers, and visitors.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

A new National Learning Management System is being developed to house the Clinical Care Pathways. FNIHB-LEARN will allow for tracking of the number of nurses who complete various training modules (e.g., topics such as cultural safety, gender-affirming care, and older adult health). The program intends to leverage this system to also collect user feedback from nurses to ensure feedback is received on Clinical Care Pathways and training modules from a variety of lenses, including the degree to which they adequately address GBA Plus issues of relevance to nurses and clients. Piloting is expected to begin in fall of 2024.

Subprogram Context

The objective of the Community Oral Health Services, which includes Children's Oral Health Initiative and dental therapy services, is to address the oral health needs and reduce oral health disparities. Community Oral Health Services supports culturally appropriate community-based programs, services, initiatives, and strategies related to oral health.

Focus Population

All populations living within First Nations and Inuit communities.

Program Goals

Community Oral Health subprogram offers the services that are available in mostly isolated communities and those without access to other oral health services. COHS is a community led and managed program whereby communities tailor the design and delivery to their specific GBA+ needs and priorities. Sites are often situated within schools to remove barriers to reaching children, a focus population of COHS. Community workers or COHS Aides are trained to deliver preventive services and are the corner stone of the program. These individuals assist with access and provision of preventive services to preschool children.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve; remote/isolated regions; rural areas; Inuit Nunangat; Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Services are available in mostly isolated communities or in communities that are without access to other oral health services within. Community Oral Health Services includes the Children's Oral Health Initiative, which entails focused services for children, their caregivers and pregnant people, while dental therapy services are for all populations living within First Nation and Inuit communities. Services are available in mostly isolated communities or in communities that are without access to other oral health services within.

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Community Oral Health Services program collects data on the biological sex of the client and the community to which they belong. The program also collects data on age and geography, which facilitates analysis on differences in utilization of services and oral health outcomes by age and region. This data is used to identify any differences in utilization of services as well as identify barriers of access to care by community, region, and age group. Community Oral Health Services will also work to collect information from regions to assess the challenges and barriers in access to care and service delivery.

Subprogram Context

The objective of the eHealth Infostructure Program (eHIP) is to improve the efficiency of health care delivery to First Nations individuals, families, and communities through the use of eHealth technologies for the purpose of defining, collecting, communicating, managing, disseminating, and using data. Front-line care providers are therefore able to better deliver health services in First Nations communities through eHealth partnerships, technologies, tools, and services. eHealth Infostructure Program supports and enables public health surveillance; health services delivery (primary and community care included); health reporting, planning and decision-making; and, integration/compatibility with other health service delivery partners. eHealth Infostructure Program shares synergies with other programs such as Clinical and Client Care and external partners. The latter include National Indigenous Organizations (such as the Assembly of First Nations), federal departments, provincial governments, and national and regional associations.

Focus Population

First Nations communities and institutions

Program Goals

The eHealth program has integrated considerations for the specific health needs and health care system interactions of First Nations youth, women, men, the elderly, and gender diverse individuals into its design and delivery, including for digital health and electronic medical records.

Access to digital health is crucial to enhance access to health care for First Nations living in remote and isolated communities where access to in-person care is limited. Moreover, digital health technologies allow for greater access to care and reduce the need for medical travel for intersecting groups that experience added challenges in accessing in-person care, such as senior and those with disabilities.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; rural areas; remote/isolated regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

eHIP clinical telehealth sessions have significantly reduced barriers for women and pregnant individuals, addressing challenges like lengthy travel and displacement from supportive environments that can affect prenatal care decisions. For youth, telehealth offers advantages in mental wellness by preserving confidentiality and in pediatric care by keeping families together during extended medical treatments.

Telehealth services enhance healthcare access for First Nations residents in remote and isolated communities, overcoming issues like language barriers and costly travel. By allowing patients to receive care in their communities, telehealth reduces health disparities compared to non-Indigenous Canadians. It also provides safe, accessible spaces for gender-diverse individuals, offering essential mental wellness, routine health services, and gender-affirming care that might otherwise be difficult to obtain.

Key program impact statistics

In future reporting, eHealth will report on the indicators "% of First Nations health facilities with resilient broadband (adequate back-up form of connectivity to the internet for consistent delivery of medical services, where possible, through natural disasters or other unforeseen events)" and "Number of First Nations health facilities with FNIHB health professionals, with connectivity speeds below 50 Mbps/10 Mbps"

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

With respect to specific virtual (eHealth) sessions, there is a shortage of disaggregated data available to measure impacts by sex or gender. However, it is possible to disaggregate the indicators by remoteness (see the Statistics Canada Index of Remoteness).

ISC eHealth collects data on the number of clinical telehealth sessions delivered, based on annual year-end reports from recipient communities.

Although remoteness is not in and of itself an economic measure determining impact on First Nations communities, according to Statistics Canada "geographic proximity to service centres and population centres is an important determinant of socio-economic and health outcomes." (Statistics Canada Index of Remoteness) In 2024-25, eHIP will report on the above indicators using disaggregation by remoteness.

Subprogram Context

The Family Violence Prevention Program provides funding to First Nations for emergency shelter services and prevention activities addressing family violence. The program has two components: operational funding for shelters and proposal-based prevention projects like education campaigns, workshops, and counseling. The program also reimburses Alberta and Yukon for off-reserve services and supports capacity building through partnerships with organizations such as the National Aboriginal Circle Against Family Violence.

Focus Population

Indigenous women, children, families, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals across Canada, including First Nations, Inuit, Métis, and urban Indigenous communities, as well as Indigenous organizations.

Program Goals

The program enhances the safety and security of Indigenous women, children, families, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals across Canada through operations and capacity building for shelters and transitional (second-stage) housing; funding for the daily operations of emergency shelters and transitional homes (second stage housing); and funding for training, engagement and culturally-appropriate community-driven prevention projects to raise awareness of gender-based violence.

The program's Terms and Conditions have been revised to expand eligibility and better represent all Indigenous groups, with a focus on distinctions-based and underrepresented populations. The 2023-24 Call For Proposals prioritizes projects serving Inuit and Métis populations, addressing needs such as outreach to Indigenous women, children, youth, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals on the prevention of family violence; engagement of Indigenous men and boys in violence prevention; and addressing human trafficking, sexual exploitation, and the needs of survivors, among others.

ISC collaborates with key Indigenous partners, such as the National Aboriginal Circle Against Family Violence and Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada, to ensure that GBA Plus considerations are integrated into program design and delivery, using an intersectional and flexible approach.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: 60 per cent - 79 per cent women; includes specific measures for Two-Spirit or gender diverse individuals
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve; Urban Centres; Rural Areas; Remote/Isolated Regions; Inuit Nunangat; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit; Metis

Key program impact statistics

In the future, the program will report on the following indicators: "Percentage of support services and violence prevention activities that incorporate distinctions based or 2SLGBTQI+ components" and "Percentage of requests for overnight residence in ISC-funded shelters by women, children, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people that are met." Results are expected for 2024-25.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Family Violence Prevention Program (FVPP) updated its Data Collection Instrument (DCI) in 2023-24 to integrate a GBA Plus lens and incorporate a distinctions-based perspective for Inuit, Métis, Urban Indigenous, and 2SLGBTQI+ communities. Data collection began in 2023-24, with findings expected by Fall 2024 to better identify service needs for underrepresented Indigenous groups.

To address the complexity of shelter operations, the FVPP implemented a two-pronged reporting approach:

• Reactive Approach: The DCI was revised based on user feedback to streamline reporting, creating separate DCIs for shelter operations and violence prevention activities. This has increased the reporting responsibilities but improved clarity.
• Proactive Approach: The program actively supports funding recipients by offering assistance with DCI completion to ensure timely submissions.

As part of the funding formula redevelopment, FVPP continues to collaborate with Indigenous partners, including Shelter Directors, Transitional Housing Providers, and the National Indigenous Circle Against Family Violence (NICAFV), to refine costing models for shelters and transitional housing.

Subprogram Context

The Pathways Initiative supports the self-determination of Indigenous communities to design community safety and well-being interventions that suit their needs. Reporting will reflect this approach in allowing Indigenous partners to measure and report success in a manner that is meaningful to them.

Focus Population

First Nations on and off reserve, Inuit communities, Metis communities, urban Indigenous peoples, Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people on and off reserve.

Program Goals

The Pathways to Safe Indigenous Communities Initiative supports Indigenous Peoples across Canada by addressing various community safety challenges. It specifically aids Indigenous women and girls, who face disproportionately high rates of violence and over-representation in correctional services. The Initiative provides flexible support for Indigenous-led safety and well-being programs, promoting reconciliation, resiliency, and capacity-building. It addresses intergenerational trauma, systemic barriers, and fosters a sense of belonging.

It also advances GBA Plus and diversity objectives, addressing over-policing and the lack of trust between Indigenous communities and law enforcement. The Initiative responds to gaps in support for 2SLGBTQI+ Indigenous people and aligns with recommendations from the National Inquiry and Métis perspectives, funding community-designed safety and well-being interventions.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender balanced, Includes specific measures for Two-Spirit or gender diverse individuals
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve; Urban Centres; Rural Areas; Remote/Isolated Regions; Inuit Nunangat; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit; Metis

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

The Pathways Initiative addresses the need for holistic community safety solutions that align with Indigenous visions. Funded projects are designed and led by Indigenous communities and are implemented locally. Of the funded projects so far, approximately 18 focused on women and girls, 15 on 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, 6 on men and boys, 17 on children and families, 10 on elders, 13 on urban populations, and 3 on small or remote communities.

Impact reports for specific subpopulations or demographics will be available only after final recipient reports are received.

Key program impact statistics

In the future, the program will report on the indicators: "Percentage of (Pathways Initiative) funded projects that deliver community safety and wellbeing project activities in a given fiscal year" and "Percentage of (Pathways Initiative) recipient communities or organization who report that their project has improved community safety and wellbeing." Results are expected in future reports.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Although the Initiative lacks a specific Data Collection Plan, a dedicated DCI for the Pathways Initiative will collect qualitative and quantitative data, starting in FY 2024-25. Efforts will be made to gather disaggregated data, though results may vary based on the willingness of subpopulations, such as 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, to self-identify. Success reporting will consider the diversity of funded projects, ranging from single-year capital investments (e.g., school fencing) to multi-year social programs (e.g., community outreach workers).

Subprogram Context

An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children, youth, and families (the Act) took effect on January 1, 2020. It recognizes the right of self-government, including jurisdiction over child and family services, and sets national principles for Indigenous-led services. The Act enables First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities to manage and deliver culturally appropriate services based on their self-identified needs. ISC supports this by providing capacity-building funding, coordinating discussions, funding the implementation of Indigenous child and family services laws, and collaborating with provincial, territorial, and Indigenous partners.

Focus Population

First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth, families, communities, groups and peoples that hold rights recognized and affirmed by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982

Program Goals

Communities are best positioned to identify the needs of their members and create programs and services that enhance the lives of all subgroups. Additionally, ISC supports IGBs during coordination agreement discussions by providing funding and policy support to finalize agreements that address needs and reduce negative outcomes for specific subgroups.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit; Metis

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Although the Act was not specifically designed to address gender disparities, it is expected to benefit women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people more significantly. This is because these groups have historically been and continue to be disproportionately affected by discriminatory policies, particularly as more communities exercise jurisdiction.

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Indigenous children are significantly overrepresented in the child and family services system. In 2021, they made up 53.7% of foster children, despite being only 7.7% of the child population in Canada. Specifically, First Nations children were 42.5% of foster children, while Métis and Inuit were 7.2% and 2.8%, respectively (Hahmann, Lee & Godin, 2024). The Act confirms jurisdiction over child and family services for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, providing a framework for these groups to create their own laws and reduce the number of Indigenous children in care by keeping them with their families and connected to their culture.

In 2023-24, nine Indigenous governing bodies, including eight First Nations and one Métis body (Métis Nation of Alberta), began exercising jurisdiction under the Act, representing over 20,000 people. A participant from the Native Women's Association of Canada highlighted the Act's positive impact, noting a return to traditional child-rearing practices and a move away from harmful current systems (NWAC, 2024).

Although no Inuit governing bodies formally exercised jurisdiction in 2023-24, significant progress was made with the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC) in negotiations. IRC representatives believe the Act will help build culturally supportive child and family services, reduce the number of Inuvialuit children in care outside their region, and address family and community disconnects (Carroll, 2021).

This progress aligns with Canada's commitments under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action, and the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Act's implementation is expected to improve service quality and outcomes by advancing co-developed, distinctions-based, multi-jurisdictional data strategies that respect Indigenous data sovereignty. ISC supports Indigenous governing bodies with capacity-building funding, coordination agreements, and collaborative efforts such as pilot projects and knowledge exchanges. This enhanced data collection will provide more accurate community-level information, enabling better monitoring of the Act's impacts on diverse groups.

Additionally, ISC is developing a new Information and Data Management solution with features like dashboards and automated processes tailored to the Child and Family Services Reform sector.

Subprogram Context

First Nations Child and Family Services (FNCFS) contributions support the safety and well-being of First Nations children on reserve. The program funds First Nations child and family services agencies, which are managed and controlled by First Nations and delegated by provincial authorities for prevention and protection services. Where such agencies are not available, the department funds services, which are then delivered by provincial or territorial agencies, tribal councils, First Nation Bands, and other entities as per local legislation and standards.

On January 26, 2016, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal found the program discriminatory in a 2007 complaint and ordered the departments to cease its discriminatory practices and reform the program. The Government of Canada accepted the decision and is working with stakeholders to implement immediate and long-term changes to child and family services on reserve.

Focus Population

First Nation children, youth (until 26 years old) and families living on reserve or in the Yukon.

Program Goals

• Prevention Supports:
  • The FNCFS Program emphasizes shifting from protection to prevention to address systemic issues and overrepresentation of First Nation children in care.
    • Since April 1, 2022, ISC has provided annual prevention funding of $2,500 per registered First Nation resident on reserve and in the Yukon, adjusted for inflation and population. This funding is shared between FNCFS agencies and First Nations, with full amounts given to communities without agencies.
    • First Nations can use this funding for prevention services tailored to their unique needs and circumstances.
• Supports for Specific Groups:
  • Eligible expenditures under the FNCFS Program include services for neurodiversity, behavioral issues, sexual and gender identity support, and inclusive services for disabilities, sexual orientation, and gender diversity. These supports aim to improve overall health, well-being, and educational outcomes.
• Culturally Competent Program Delivery:
  • In response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Call to Action No. 57 and the 2022 CHRT 8 order, ISC has implemented mandatory cultural competency training. This training ensures compliance with the CHRT order and fosters cultural awareness, helping to keep First Nations children and families together.
• Addressing Post-Majority Gaps:
  • Post-majority support services include financial literacy, nutrition classes, rent subsidies, mental health treatment, and educational guidance. These services benefit First Nations youth, including those with disabilities and Two-Spirit and LGBTQI+ individuals, ensuring culturally appropriate and equitable support.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: 60 per cent - 79 per cent women. Includes specific measures for Two-Spirit or gender diverse individuals
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

In 2021, Indigenous children made up 7.7% of all children aged 0-14 in Canada but 53.8% of those in foster care. In 2016, 69% of Indigenous children in foster care were registered Indians, 13% were Métis, and 3.6% were Inuit, though these figures may underrepresent the true numbers due to incomplete data.

The program also supports youth and young adults transitioning out of care or who have moved off-reserve, addressing gaps in support that would otherwise be provided by parents. Given that women and Elders are often caregivers, these initiatives can particularly benefit these groups.

The Reformed FNCFS Funding Approach emphasizes prevention alongside protection. This reform aims to rectify discrimination and ensure First Nations children, youth, and families receive culturally safe and evidence-based services. Benefits will be focused on specific geographic areas where families live on reserve.

Key program impact statistics

Note: For this year, this program has elected to report only one. The program is prioritizing this indicator to focus on collaborating with First Nations parties on implementing the new Performance Measurement Framework, including GBA Plus Reporting.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Final Settlement Agreement introduces a new performance measurement framework with updated outcomes and indicators to evaluate the program's success. The program will work with First Nations Parties to refine implementation and GBA Plus Reporting Requirements during the transition to the Reformed Program.

Data for the reformed FNCFS Program is collected by First Nations and delegated FNCFS agencies. These providers will report disaggregated data to assess the program's impact through the GBA Plus framework, including details on gender, age, and geography. This will help address the unique needs of First Nations communities and ensure equitable and effective services.

The FNCFS Program has also updated its Data Collection Instruments to capture GBA Plus information, including data on male, female, other gender, and not reported. This will facilitate more detailed analysis once the data is received.

Program Context

The Income Assistance (IA) program is part of Canada's social safety net, designed to align with provincial and Yukon programs rates and eligibility criteria. Its goal is to provide eligible individuals and families on reserve with funds for daily living and pre-employment services to aid their transition to the workforce. Funding is delivered to First Nation communities and organizations and CIRNAC (to provide programming to eligible Status First Nations individuals in Yukon only), and reimburses the Province of Ontario for their delivery of Ontario Works to First Nations communities under the Canada-Ontario 1965 agreement. The program operates across all provinces and Yukon, while Nunavut and the Northwest Territories manage their own programs. In 2019–20, $1.1 billion was spent to support the basic and special needs of 84,182 clients and 150,467 beneficiaries in 540 First Nations, and supported the provision of Case management and Pre Employment Supports to 29% of First Nations communities across Canada (outside of Ontario).

Focus Population

First Nations low-income on-reserve. Income Assistance is delivered in all provinces, and the Yukon.

Program Goals

The program provides funding for case management and pre-employment supports to enhance economic inclusion for Income Assistance clients. Tailored case management addresses individual needs and goals, offering access to personalized plans, culturally appropriate training, and life skills. This may include referrals to mental health services, adult education, or motivational courses. These supports aim to improve employability, increase economic participation, and reduce poverty, with potential positive impacts on community well-being and future generations.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve; Rural Areas; Remote/Isolated Regions; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

The program advances the Gender Results Framework goal of Poverty Reduction, Health and Well-being by providing eligible individuals and families on reserve who are very low-income and likely to be unemployed with Income Assistance funds to cover essential living expenses (i.e., food, clothing, rent, and utilities). These supports can be especially important for single individuals and single parent families who may have fewer familial supports to help them meet their needs.

Persons with disabilities on reserve who are able to work also benefit from access to pre-employment supports to assist them in obtaining and maintaining employment. Persons with disabilities are less likely to be employed than persons without disabilities. In general, Income Assistance clients are low-income, have low educational attainment, and are at a greater risk of having a disability or chronic illness than the overall Canadian population.

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Income Assistance program's current data collection system captures sex and age information, but expanding data collection could improve impact assessments. Ongoing collaboration with First Nations partners will address data collection and reporting challenges as the program adapts to better support transitions from income assistance to employment and education.

The program will also implement disability income supports by 2025-26, aligning with provincial and Yukon rates. In 2024-25, the Data Collection Instrument (DCI) will be updated to collect disaggregated data on disability support recipients. The department will work with First Nation partners to refine data disaggregation for these new supports.

Additionally, a new IM/IT system is being developed to enhance reporting, enable data linkages, and better measure program effectiveness.

Program Context

Urban Programming for Indigenous Peoples (UPIP) provides financial support to urban Indigenous service organizations that serve all Indigenous Peoples (First Nations, Inuit, Métis). The program helps marginalized and at-risk individuals navigate challenging urban environments and supports programs for low-income families, women, girls, 2SLGBTQI+ people, those in precarious housing, and urban Indigenous youth. UPIP covers several funding streams:

• Programs and Services, Organizational Capacity, Coalitions, Research and Innovation, Infrastructure, and Housing.

Focus Population

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis in six key areas: women, vulnerable populations (e.g., 2SLGBTQQIA+, seniors, homeless individuals, those with addictions or disabilities), youth, transition services, outreach programs, and community wellness.

UPIP aids Indigenous Peoples across urban centers, rural areas, and off-reserve locations. An urban center is defined as having at least 1,000 people and a density of 400 people per square kilometer, though some areas served may be rural even within urban centers.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: Urban Centres, Rural Areas, Inuit Nunangat, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit, Metis

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

The Programs and Services funding stream supports initiatives across six key areas. It funds projects aimed at assisting women, such as those facilitating their transition from shelters, and vulnerable populations, including individuals with addictions, disabilities, or seniors. Youth-focused projects, such as land-based activities and mentoring programs, are also supported. Transition services like navigator programs receive funding, as do outreach efforts, including cultural awareness training for non-Indigenous organizations. Additionally, the stream supports community wellness initiatives, such as housing plans, anti-racism efforts, and pre-employment supports.

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Currently, UPIP is the sole urban-focused funding source for Indigenous programs, highlighting the urgent need for increased government recognition of the rapidly growing urban Indigenous population, which remains underfunded. Despite these constraints, UPIP has successfully supported stability and growth among recipients, who have effectively built capacity and addressed community needs.

Coalitions foster community presence and self-determination, while UPIP's ground-level engagement enhances its understanding of recipient environments. This engagement has led to the development of new performance indicators aligned with UNDRIP principles and reconciliation, emphasizing open communication, stability, wellness, government accountability, and holistic approaches. UPIP aims to work closely with recipients to address evolving needs and contribute to positive urban growth.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The current Data Collection Instrument (DCI) has been observed to have unclear metrics and a lack of alignment with Indigenous values, resulting in incomplete and inaccurate data. This issue stems from the initial shift from the Urban Aboriginal Strategy without new metrics or frameworks.

To address these concerns, UPIP is developing a new performance framework and DCI that better reflect Indigenous values and ensure the collection of relevant data. This framework will incorporate a GBA Plus component for inclusive outcomes and is being co-developed with key partners through in-person and virtual meetings, with completion expected by May 2024.

The ongoing evaluation of UPIP includes 38 preliminary findings and recommendations. ISC will finalize these findings and collaborate with program management to create a Management Response Action Plan. The final UPIP Evaluation Report and MRAP will be presented at PMEC in June 2024.

Program Context

This program supports elementary and secondary education for First Nations students, schools, and communities, aligning with the Government of Canada's commitment to a nation-to-nation partnership. The program aids First Nations and their organizations in establishing education systems that respect and integrate First Nations' teaching and learning methods. It includes culturally appropriate early childhood education on reserves and provides distinctions-based post-secondary funding for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Nation students. The program also collaborates with First Nations to develop transformative models, such as regional education agreements, advancing First Nations control over self-determined education services.

Focus Population

Eligible First Nations students ordinarily resident on reserve aged 4 and above on December 31 of the school year. First Nations students ordinarily resident on reserve with special education needs.

Program Goals

Indigenous Services Canada funds the Elementary and Secondary Education Program, while First Nations implement it, ensuring students receive a high-quality, culturally relevant education as per the First Nations Control of First Nations Education Act. The program aims to reduce educational attainment barriers by providing funding tailored to unique circumstances, including remoteness; student support services; and special needs student services.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve, Rural Areas, Remote/Isolated regions, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

ISC continues to collaborate with First Nations partners to reduce reporting burdens while collecting essential data to inform education policy and funding. The Education Information System tracks GBA Plus-related indicators, providing insights into culturally and linguistically relevant programming and education attainment across diverse First Nations groups. The Education Reports and Analysis Solution facilitates gender-disaggregated reporting on activities and outcomes, including graduation rates, special education assessments, and literacy and numeracy results.

Focus Population

First Nations, Inuit and Métis Nation recipients and students.

Program Context

The Post-Secondary Education (PSE) Program provides funding to increase access and success in PSE for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Nation students through three distinctions-based strategies. It also supports First Nations post-secondary institutions via the Post-Secondary Partnerships Program, promoting culturally tailored PSE programs. Additionally, the First Nations and Inuit Youth Employment Strategy offers work experience, career options, and skill development to First Nations and Inuit youth.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

ISC's distinctions-based post-secondary education strategies are designed to benefit all Indigenous community members, including women, girls, men, boys and gender-diverse individuals by improving access to post-secondary education and a broader range of related programs and services. However, the strategies support more Indigenous women than men; approximately 70 percent of students who received funding through the respective strategies in 2020-21 were women.

Program Goals

The strategies offer flexibility to Indigenous organizations and communities to allocate funding based on their unique needs, including wraparound supports to mitigate barriers to PSE completion, enhancing access to higher-paying employment. Supports include:

• Mental health services
• Accessibility supports for students with disabilities
• Coverage for living expenses and childcare for students with dependents
• Culturally appropriate learning environments and community programming

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals
• By geography: Benefits Indigenous communities and/or individuals On Reserve or located in Rural, Remote/Isolated, Inuit Nunangat, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit, Metis

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Department collects GBA Plus performance indicators through the Education Information System to inform program design. This data provides insights into culturally relevant programming and education attainment, disaggregated by age, gender, and region. The Education Reports and Analysis Solution enables gender-specific reporting on funded students and graduates. Data collection has been streamlined, including indicators for gender, disability, remote regions, and 2SLGBTQI+ self-identification in the First Nations and Inuit Youth Employment Strategy.

Focus Population

First Nations children and youth in K-12 education facilities on reserve

Subprogram Context

The Education Facilities Sub-program funds the planning, design, construction, renovation, and maintenance of federally or band-operated K-12 education facilities, including schools, teacher residences, and student residences. It also covers furniture, equipment, and facility needs assessments. Provincial school boards serving First Nations students on reserves are also eligible for funding.

These investments improve learning environments and socio-economic outcomes for First Nations students by enhancing community infrastructure, thereby contributing to long-term social well-being and economic prosperity.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Inadequate facilities disproportionately affect girls, 2SLGBTQI+ students, and students with special needs. Poor facility conditions can increase victimization risks, exacerbate health issues, and negatively impact community women, who often work in these environments. The absence of on-reserve schools particularly impacts children in remote areas, girls, 2SLGBTQI+ children, and those with disabilities, increasing risks and challenges related to off-reserve education.

Program Goals

GBA Plus has informed revisions to the School Space Accommodation Standards (SSAS) to include gender-neutral washrooms, culturally appropriate spaces, and accommodations for Knowledge Keepers.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced, Includes specific measures for Two-Spirit or gender diverse individuals
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

Indicator: Percentage of on-reserve education facilities with a condition rating of "good" or "new"

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Collecting GBA Plus-disaggregated data for infrastructure programs is challenging due to respect for First Nations' data sovereignty and efforts to minimize reporting burdens. However, GBA Plus-informed needs assessments are being integrated into Feasibility Studies, considering the impacts of inadequate facilities on diverse groups. Collaboration with the Elementary and Secondary Education program aims to analyze how infrastructure investments impact graduation rates, with disaggregated data to assess gender-specific effects.

Focus Population

First Nations and non-First Nations people living On Reserve

Subprogram Context

The program supports the development and delivery of community health services by funding the planning, design, construction, renovation, and repair of health infrastructure. These investments help First Nations and Inuit communities provide health care professionals with functional, sustainable spaces to deliver health services efficiently and safely.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

First Nations communities face high rates of chronic disease, exacerbated by factors like overcrowding. Investments in health infrastructure are critical for mitigating these effects and improving access to local health services, including prenatal, postnatal, and mental health care. Enhanced facilities also promote culturally relevant service delivery, improve recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals, and address staffing challenges in remote areas.

Program Goals

The program engages directly with First Nations on the expected outcomes of health infrastructure projects, helping identify potential GBA Plus considerations and enabling relevant data collection. The program encourages physical accessibility in new and existing facilities and supports the inclusion of culturally relevant designs. Local content clauses are recommended in contracting to prioritize First Nation-owned companies or those employing First Nation workers.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; Rural; Remote/Isolated; Inuit Nunangat; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Health Facilities Program is enhancing its pre-capital planning by engaging with First Nations to better identify GBA Plus considerations and relevant data collection needs. Planned improvements include:

• Collecting data on physical accessibility through consultations with ISC regions and First Nations.
• Tracking the use of local content clauses in health infrastructure projects.

Ongoing discussions and training with the ISC GBA Plus team will refine data collection processes while minimizing reporting burdens on recipients.

Focus Population

First Nations on-reserve.

Subprogram Context

The First Nations On-Reserve Housing Sub-program supports Indigenous Well-Being and Self-Determination by funding First Nations to plan, manage, and develop on-reserve housing. The program aims to increase the supply of safe, adequate housing, enhancing housing outcomes for on-reserve residents and improving socio-economic conditions by addressing the intersectional impacts of poverty, trauma, and systemic discrimination.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Adequate housing is crucial for health and well-being. However, Indigenous communities face a long-standing housing shortage, leading to overcrowding, poor indoor air quality, and associated health risks, particularly for children, elders, and individuals with disabilities. Investments in housing can improve quality of life, reduce socio-economic disparities, and increase participation in the economy.

Program Goals

The program is expanding housing capacity enhancement projects that include data collection on the impacts of housing delivery by gender and other identity factors, such as individuals with special needs and 2SLGBTQI+ people.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; Rural Areas; Urban Centres; Remote/Isolated Regions; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

In the future, the program will report on the following indicators: "Percentage of First Nations households living in a dwelling that contains more than one person per room" and "Percentage of children in First Nations communities living in unsuitable housing." Data is expected by 2026.

Other Key program Impacts

Safe housing is essential for supporting First Nations people in building sustainable lives and communities. Since 2016, ISC and CMHC have facilitated the building, renovation, or retrofitting of over 36,000 homes. The program also collaborates with First Nations on capacity building for housing management, including training and financial innovation to improve access to market-based housing.

ISC works with First Nations to develop and implement community-led solutions for housing, improving overall health and reducing repair costs. For example, the partnership with Chippewas of the Thames and Pathways Employment Help Centre trained community members to build tiny homes, enhancing local expertise and increasing housing options.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

In 2023, ISC engaged a GBA Plus consultant to assess and improve GBA Plus processes within infrastructure programs. The consultant's report will guide the integration of GBA Plus into program planning and delivery, emphasizing the need for new data sources and analytical methods. A key challenge is understanding the impacts of housing investments in conjunction with other community infrastructure, making it difficult to predict or report on the differential impacts on diverse groups within Indigenous communities.

Focus Population

First Nations on-reserve.

Subprogram Context

The Water and Wastewater program contributes to the Departmental Result by providing funding to plan, design, construct, acquire, operate and maintain water and wastewater systems, including the treatment and distribution of water and the collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Limited access to clean water disproportionately affects women, elders, children, and individuals with disabilities, who bear a heavier burden for caregiving tasks. The program aims to address the underrepresentation of Indigenous women and gender-diverse groups in water operations by identifying barriers and increasing awareness of careers in this field.

Program Goals

The program offers funding to support training coordination and capacity building for activities related to water and wastewater facilities. It helps identify infrastructure needs on reserves, develop capital plans for water and wastewater projects, and implement management practices for facility maintenance. The program's goal is to assist First Nations in achieving reliable, sustainable water infrastructure that meets health and safety standards, ensuring service levels comparable to those in non-Indigenous communities. First Nations determine priorities and submit project proposals to the department.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; Urban Areas; Rural Areas; Remote/Isolated Regions; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

The program supports initiatives to increase representation of women and gender-diverse groups in water operations:

• Water Carriers Project: Empowers Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals as protectors of water, disseminating traditional knowledge through educational resources.
• Technical Youth Career Outreach Program: Encourages First Nations youth to pursue careers in STEM, particularly in water and wastewater operations, through outreach, career fairs, and school presentations.
• Clan Mothers' Healing Village: Provides training in water operator certification and system repair for women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals affected by trauma.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Collecting GBA Plus-disaggregated data for water and wastewater infrastructure remains challenging, as First Nations manage their own projects and data collection. The Department retained a third-party expert in 2023-24 to assess program indicators and recommend improvements in data collection and monitoring from a GBA Plus perspective. Implementation of these recommendations is planned for 2024-25. The Department will explore qualitative data collection and collaboration with First Nations to better assess the impacts of water and wastewater funding on diverse community members.

Focus Population

The Sub-program targets First Nations on reserve but also funds off-reserve projects if the primary beneficiary is a participating First Nation community or communities.

Subprogram Context

The Sub-program funds the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of eight types of infrastructure: roads, bridges, energy systems, connectivity, structural mitigation, fire protection, cultural and recreational facilities, and administrative buildings. It also supports community-driven projects like the Lubicon Lake Band Community Buildout, service transfers, and asset management planning. Projects are assessed based on health and safety, asset protection, maintenance, and population growth. These investments improve social well-being and economic prosperity in First Nations communities.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Infrastructure investments have distinct benefits for different groups:

• Roads/bridges: Benefit remote communities, improving access to healthcare, food, and services, especially for women, 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, and people with disabilities.
• Connectivity: Enhances educational opportunities, telehealth, and access to online support, benefiting children, 2SLGBTQI+ youth, seniors, and female entrepreneurs.
• Cultural/recreational facilities: Support youth mental health, community integration, and cultural exchange, especially for Elders, survivors of trauma, women, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.
• Fire protection/structural mitigation: Protect vulnerable groups, including young children, elders, people with disabilities, and low-income families, from injury, displacement, and financial hardship.
• Energy systems: Support daily tasks for women, girls, and people with disabilities, providing reliable power for health and household needs.

Program Goals

The Sub-program funds the development of First Nations infrastructure plans based on their specific needs and priorities. While the program does not dictate how projects should serve specific sub-populations, it encourages First Nations to consider the health and safety of diverse groups in their proposals through asking how the proposed projects would protect and improve health and safety of certain sub-populations and groups.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; Rural Areas; Remote/Isolated Regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Collecting GBA Plus-disaggregated data remains challenging due to the departments mandated commitment to First Nations' data sovereignty. However, in January 2024, a GBA Plus Evaluation Consultation report identified potential ways to integrate GBA Plus considerations into infrastructure planning and reporting. Over the next year, the Sub-program will explore opportunities to incorporate disaggregated data into community-level reporting.

Focus Population

First Nations on Reserve

Subprogram Context

Community Lands Development supports First Nations in taking greater control over their reserve lands through land management and planning initiatives such as First Nations Land Management (FNLM), the Reserve Land and Environment Management Program (RLEMP), and the Land Use Planning Initiative (LUP). FNLM allows First Nations to opt out of land-related sections of the Indian Act, resuming jurisdiction over their lands. RLEMP builds capacity for land management under the Indian Act, while LUP helps develop community-approved land use plans, fostering sustainable community growth.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

First Nations with a smaller land base are less likely to join RLEMP due to funding constraints, while FNLM remains open to all. Budget 2023 introduced base-level funding to address this. LUP is available to all First Nations and supports community-led planning, benefiting diverse groups by promoting accessible and sustainable infrastructure and services.

Program Goals

The sub-program promotes democratic decision-making in land management, with FNLM land codes requiring community ratification. LUP ties into goals of leadership, economic participation, and inclusion, ensuring all community members benefit from land use planning. RLEMP has improved accessibility with base-level funding, encouraging smaller communities to participate.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Budget 2023 introduced a new operational funding formula for FNLM, increasing funding by 21%. RLEMP's new base funding floor improved access for smaller First Nations, particularly in less populated regions. The Land Use Planning Initiative received $47 million over five years, aiming for 55 new land use plans by 2027-28.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The sub-program currently lacks a formal GBA Plus data collection plan as the current reporting relationship with partnering organizations does not stipulate the collection of disaggregated data as a requirement. However, First Nations-led organizations like the First Nations Land Management Resource Centre and NALMA have begun collecting intersectional data through studies and voluntary surveys. Efforts are underway to revise reporting practices for RLEMP, potentially introducing more meaningful indicators and narrative storytelling to measure program impact.

Focus Population

First Nations on reserve across Canada and those looking to add, or are in the process of adding, land to their reserve land base.

Subprogram Context

ISC supports the administration and addition of reserve lands, helping First Nations manage their lands and natural resources. Key activities include:

• Developing policies and tools for land management under the Indian Act.
• Implementing the Additions to Reserve (ATR) Policy Directive and related Acts.
• Providing policy and technical support to streamline ATR processes.
• Enhancing land information systems and tools for land submissions.
• Offering guidance on land registration for First Nations under the Indian Act, First Nations Land Management Act, and self-governing agreements.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Lack of reserve land limits housing, infrastructure, and economic opportunities for First Nations, negatively impacting community well-being. ATRs expand land access, enabling economic development, food security, and housing, particularly for remote communities. This benefits vulnerable groups, including those fleeing abusive relationships, by creating safer housing options and addressing community housing shortages.

Program Goals

Land is a critical asset for First Nations, enabling governance, economic development, and well-being. ATRs help close socio-economic gaps by providing access to land for economic growth, housing, and infrastructure. First Nations increasingly seek to add urban land to create jobs and generate revenue, reinvesting in cultural and social services for community-wide benefits.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low-income communities
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

Focus Population

First Nations individuals living on reserve or near reserve lands south of the 60th parallel.

Subprogram Context

The Contaminated Sites On-Reserve (CSOR) sub-program, formerly known as the Contaminated Sites Management Program (CSMP), supports the assessment and remediation of contaminated sites on reserve lands and lands under ISC's responsibility. Launched in 2003, it addresses human health and environmental risks, ensuring lands are available for community and economic development. CSOR empowers First Nations by providing funding and capacity-building to manage contaminated sites directly.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and pregnant individuals, face heightened health risks from contaminated sites. Remote communities experience even greater challenges due to limited resources for remediation, making the impact of environmental hazards more severe. First Nations communities are particularly affected, as income disparities limit their ability to relocate from hazardous areas, emphasizing the necessity of remediation for their well-being. Additionally, remediation projects can stimulate local economies, particularly in sectors like logistics and food services, which may indirectly support employment opportunities for women.

Program Goals

The CSOR sub-program is primarily implemented by First Nations through Grants and Contribution funding, with funding for contaminated site assessment and remediation flowing directly from ISC to First Nations via contribution agreements. This approach empowers communities to build capacity and advance self-determination. In an effort to enhance Indigenous community well-being, FCSAP has aimed to increase the involvement of local and Indigenous workers, as well as Indigenous businesses, in remediation efforts. This initiative reduces reliance on importing southern workers, who are predominantly male, and helps mitigate the negative impacts associated with bringing in external labor.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: The management of contaminated sites offers benefits to all genders; however, there is a slight gender skew in employment, with a higher proportion of jobs filled by men due to the nature of contaminated sites projects.
• By age group: The management of contaminated sites can provide intergenerational benefits across different age groups, especially for children and youth, by minimizing exposure to harmful contaminants and promoting healthy growth.
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

The remediation of contaminated sites improves the health and well-being of First Nations communities, particularly for vulnerable groups like seniors, children, and pregnant individuals, reducing exposure to harmful contaminants.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

While some GBA Plus data is collected through the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan, the data is insufficient to report on gender and diversity-based economic impacts. ISC is working with First Nations partners to explore incorporating GBA Plus indicators into new remediation contracts, balancing the need for data with the administrative burden on First Nations.

Focus Population

First Nations individuals living on reserve, including self-governing Indigenous Peoples and remote communities.

Subprogram Context

Waste management is a critical community service, essential for health, safety, and environmental protection. Launched in 2016, First Nations Waste Management (FNWM) supports sustainable waste systems through modern infrastructure, training, and partnerships. Prior to 2016, limited funding left many First Nations without waste management infrastructure, leading to contaminated sites for which the government is responsible.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Groups affected differently by FNWM include persons with disabilities, seniors, and those in remote communities, which face higher costs for waste management. Men predominantly hold jobs in this sector, but local economic benefits from related industries may indirectly support women and individuals without specialized training.

Program Goals

The FNWM has not yet incorporated GBA Plus in program design but conducts outreach to diverse groups, including Elders and youth. The program aims to enhance waste management awareness and provide support to low-capacity communities, especially in remote areas.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Somewhat benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: On Reserve, Rural Areas, Remote/Isolated Regions, Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Waste management infrastructure is especially critical for vulnerable groups like seniors, persons with disabilities, and individuals with health issues. Insufficient infrastructure can lead to health risks, including air and water pollution. Reliable waste management protects community health, drinking water, and the environment.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

FNWM is exploring the development of a GBA Plus toolkit for program design. The program tracks the number of trained waste operators but does not collect gender-disaggregated data. Future efforts may include gathering data on how waste management impacts specific groups, such as elders, individuals with disabilities, and those in remote areas.

Focus Population

First Nations and Inuit communities south of the 60th parallel

Subprogram Context

EPM supports First Nations and Inuit communities by providing funding to enhance economic development, land, and environmental capacity, creating conditions for greater participation in the economy.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Disparities in program outcomes are experienced by marginalized groups, including low-income individuals, women, youth, persons with disabilities, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people. Underserved communities also face challenges in accessing resources and opportunities.

Program Goals

Capacity building and investments in community-owned businesses support First Nation and Inuit communities to achieve greater self-reliance and sustainable economic prosperity.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: Remote, Isolated, Rural Areas
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The program is undergoing evaluation, with completion expected by March 2025. Ongoing initiatives include mapping CORP funding access, analyzing Budget 2022 impacts, and reviewing the Departmental Data Collection Instrument to streamline reporting. These efforts will inform future policy and program decisions.

Focus Population

First Nations

Subprogram Context

Indian Oil and Gas Canada (IOGC) manages oil and gas resources on First Nation lands, fulfilling Crown obligations and supporting First Nations in achieving self-reliance and economic prosperity. IOGC advances First Nation control of their resources and facilitates industry development for community benefit.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Development of oil and gas resources by industry on First Nation lands targets First Nation communities in the western Canadian sedimentary basin, primarily in Alberta, Saskatchewan and northeastern British Columbia. Revenue from these activities is managed by community leadership. However, the industry's male-dominated nature may limit the inclusion of women and gender-diverse individuals in decision-making processes.

Environmental impacts of development pose risks for those following traditional lifestyles (e.g., hunting, gathering) and youth, who will face the long-term consequences of land degradation and climate change. Abandoned leases and infrastructure may disproportionately affect these groups.

Program Goals

IOGC incorporates GBA Plus into its policies, regulations, and legislation. The Joint Technical Committee, with input from First Nations and the Indian Resource Council, co-developed 2019 regulatory improvements. These regulations aim to include diverse community voices in agreements with oil and gas companies, ensuring the concerns of women, youth, elders, and traditional lifestyle followers are addressed. Further environmental and conservation regulations are in progress.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: 60 per cent - 79 per cent men
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

IOGC does not currently collect sufficient data to monitor gender or diversity impacts but plans to address this with upcoming regulatory changes. Future environmental reviews, under the 2019 Impact Assessment Act, will consider potential health, social, and economic impacts on diverse groups. Upcoming regulatory revisions aim to address First Nation concerns, including timelines for reclamation, use of traditional ecological knowledge, and involvement of First Nation monitors.

IOGC will consult with First Nations, industry, and provinces once the environmental draft is complete. First Nations' Assertion of Jurisdiction remains a priority, with further engagement planned to advance service transfer initiatives. However, ensuring representation of all sub-populations, such as youth and women, remains a challenge.

IOGC will work to analyze how its performance indicators can be analyzed to better support the application of GBA Plus in the future.

Focus Population

First Nations, Inuit and Métis groups. This includes Indigenous leaders, organizations and communities; Indigenous small and medium-sized businesses; and, businesses owned by Indigenous men, women and 2SLGBTQI+ people across a wide spectrum of age groups and geographical regions across Canada.

Subprogram Context

SPI enhances Indigenous participation in large, multi-year economic opportunities across key sectors. It enables federal partners to coordinate efforts, pool resources, close funding gaps, and leverage external investments. The program also offers a "navigator" service to help Indigenous entrepreneurs access funding not covered by ISC's economic development programs.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

SPI is accessible to all Indigenous communities, regardless of distinction, geography, or economic capacity. Over its duration, SPI has launched 50+ large-scale initiatives across Canada, frequently targeting communities with lower economic capacity.

Program Goals

SPI initiatives are designed through regional engagement, allowing communities to express their specific needs. SPI's Terms and Conditions ensure that communities from all distinction groups and regions are eligible. By addressing barriers to economic participation, SPI closes socio-economic gaps through job creation, business development, capacity building, and own-source revenue generation.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Does not collect data on income
• By geography: Across Canada
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit, Metis

Key program impact statistics

In the future, the program will report on the indicator: "Value of investments leveraged from sources outside of the department."

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

SPI is working with Women and Gender Equality Canada and initiative leads to incorporate GBA Plus criteria in proposals starting in 2025-26. This will help identify barriers and risks during the proposal stage and ensure mitigations throughout the program lifecycle.

Focus Population

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples.

Subprogram Context

Implement the 5% Indigenous procurement target in collaboration with PSPC and TBS, while simultaneously co-developing a Transformative Indigenous Procurement Strategy (TIPS) with Indigenous partners. Additionally, overseeing the Procurement Strategy for Indigenous Business and managing the Indigenous Business Directory are crucial components of this effort.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

TIPS applies a GBA Plus lens to account for diverse factors such as gender, age, and 2SLGBTQI+ identity in Indigenous entrepreneurs' access to federal procurement. TIPS aims to ensure inclusive and equitable policies, programs, and initiatives for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples.

Program Goals

TIPS is co-developing a transformative procurement policy that addresses GBA Plus realities. It may include Indigenous-specific bid evaluation criteria focused on employment, training, ownership, or subcontracting to benefit Indigenous businesses.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No known significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Does not collect data on income
• By geography: Across Canada
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis

Key program impact statistics

The program does not currently track GBA Plus-related indicators. As TIPS develops the engagement tracking and reports on the 5% target, recommendations from Indigenous businesses (including youth, women, and 2SLGBTQI+) will be considered.

Other Key program Impacts

There may be differentiated impacts on Indigenous women and men as gender differences may affect accessibility of federal government contracting. While this initiative is not meant to address these impacts directly, as the focus is on Indigenous businesses as a whole, it does offer some flexibility in the delivery of benefits.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

As part of the Transformative Indigenous Procurement Policy, ISC plans to explore the collection of disaggregated data by distinction (First Nations, Inuit, Métis) and geography, including businesses owned by youth, women, and 2SLGBTQI+. The engagement tracking methodology and data strategy will incorporate recommendations from diverse Indigenous businesses and distinction-based organizations.

Focus Population

Indigenous entrepreneurs, Indigenous Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Métis Capital Corporations (MCCs)

Subprogram Context

The Aboriginal Entrepreneurship Program – Access to Capital (AEP-ATC) provides funding to expand and diversify the network of IFIs and MCCs, enhancing access to capital for Indigenous businesses across Canada. The AEP was devolved in 2015 and is administered by NACCA. Since 2019, two components were transferred to the MCCs.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Most Indigenous entrepreneurs are men, so AEP-ATC benefits this demographic more, while the Indigenous Women Entrepreneurship (IWE) program targets women exclusively. Indigenous entrepreneurs face barriers due to colonialism, such as lower incomes, remote locations, lack of digital access, and lower financial literacy. These challenges are amplified for entrepreneurs with intersectional identities (e.g., women, youth).

Program Goals

The AEP aims to increase access to capital for Indigenous businesses by addressing barriers through ongoing funding provided to IFIs and MCCs. The program supports Indigenous small and medium-sized businesses with non-repayable contributions and business services. AEP-ATC also funds lenders to cover borrowing and operational costs, enhancing access to capital for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis businesses.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: 60 per cent - 79 per cent men
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: Strongly benefits low income individuals or communities
• By geography: Urban Centres; Rural Areas; Inuit Nunangut; Northern Regions, Urban Centers; Rural Areas; Inuit Nunangat; Northern Regions
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit, Metis

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Colonialism and systemic discrimination continue to affect Indigenous entrepreneurs through limited access to capital, financial literacy, and digital resources. Indigenous women face unique barriers, such as lack of financial resources, confidence, and access to male-dominated fields. However, Indigenous women's entrepreneurship has significant direct and indirect benefits, including improved living conditions, job creation, and community role models. Supporting Indigenous women also aligns with the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls Final Report, which links financial independence to safety.

Economic development leads to better health outcomes, reduced disparities, and improved quality of life, making it crucial in closing socioeconomic gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Data collection is managed by NACCA and partners, with some disaggregation by gender and age. Plans to improve data collection are underway as part of AEP modernization. Data gaps persist, particularly around industry, geographic location, and 2SLGBTQI+ entrepreneurs. Discussions are ongoing to address these gaps, with potential collaborations with external organizations like WEKH and Pauktuutit.

Qualitative data from Indigenous women and youth entrepreneurs help fill some gaps. Assumptions based on research from non-Indigenous entrepreneurs are also used to guide tailored support for 2SLGBTQI+ and youth entrepreneurs.

Focus Population

First Nations, Inuit and Métis entrepreneurs

Subprogram Context

The Aboriginal Entrepreneurship Program (AEP) - Access to Business Opportunities (ABO):

• Promotes Indigenous entrepreneurship, innovation, and employment by supporting Indigenous business capacity.
• Facilitates procurement for 26 Modern Treaties, including Article 24 of the Nunavut Agreement.
• Supports Inuit economic development through the Inuit-Crown Partnership Committee's Working Group on Economic Development and Procurement.
• Collaborates with Innovation, Science, and Economic Development Canada to advance Indigenous economic reconciliation through tourism and innovation.

AEP-ATC focuses primarily on increasing access to capital, while AEP-ABO uses a broader approach and supports programs that either address any of the barriers Indigenous entrepreneurs face or contributes to supporting Indigenous entrepreneurship. Impacts from these programs include supporting economic development which can help reduce socio-economic gaps and contribute to direct and indirect outcomes for the entrepreneurs and their communities as discussed above, including improving the social determinants of health.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

A 2015 C.D. Howe Institute report found that First Nations with higher own-source revenue invest more in economic development, education, and health, benefiting all community members, especially youth and those with disabilities. The 2019 Global Affairs Canada and Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business report identified that 50% of Indigenous entrepreneurs are young, with 55% facing challenges accessing capital. Youth are a growing segment of Indigenous entrepreneurship, and age is positively correlated with business success—35% of successful Indigenous business owners are under 45, compared to just 7% of less successful ones.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: On Reserve; rural areas; remote/isolated regions; Inuit Nunangat; Northern regions; urban centers
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit; Métis

Other Key program Impacts

A 2015 report from the C.D. Howe Institute found that First Nations with higher per capita own-source revenue increase economic development activities and spending on general government and business management. The report found that "$1,000 of additional per capita own-source revenue increases education and health spending by roughly $100 per person," and that economic development programming expenditures likely include," funding for local development corporations as well as programs designed to enhance job skills."

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The AEP-ABO lacks distinctions-based or disaggregated data, making it difficult to apply GBA Plus effectively. Starting in April 2024, the program will collaborate with experts and Indigenous organizations to improve its data collection and analysis structure to better address identity-based needs.

Focus Population

First Nations and Inuit communities

Subprogram Context

The Indigenous Governance and Capacity (IGC) sub-programs supports core governance operations for First Nations governments governance capacity building for First Nations governments and Inuit communities, as well as community development capacity for First Nations, in support of self-determination and the pathway toward the legislated transfer of responsibilities.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Governance capacity funding benefits entire communities by strengthening leadership, planning, human resources, and community involvement, which facilitates more diversity and inclusion initiatives. This engagement with diverse community members leads to better services. Indigenous governance leaders and administrators also benefit from this funding, and community-level activities such as elections, reception services, and community-led planning are expected to positively impact First Nations members both on and off reserve. Insights from self-government agreements show that sufficient governance funding can reduce barriers such as the inability to dedicate time for community consultation and engagement with diverse groups, and the lack of resources for accommodations like childcare, translation, mental health support, and elder assistance.

Furthermore, sufficient funding helps First Nation governments invest in diversity and inclusion initiatives, improves access to programs and services, and mitigates negative impacts on social determinants of health, such as employment loss and reduced community involvement. However, existing funding and staffing barriers have limited some communities' capacity to govern effectively. Longer-term planning and community-based recruitment have shown to be linked to positive outcomes. Continuous support through the IGC sub-programs is vital for preventing income reductions in governance and administrative roles, thereby maintaining service delivery across Indigenous communities. Data suggests that without sufficient governance capacity funding, barriers to diversity, inclusion, and service access are likely to increase.

Program Goals

The IGC sub-program is designed to support governance and capacity development for Indigenous governments and communities across various governmental functions, including leadership, law-making, financial management, planning, and community involvement. The program's inclusive design allows Indigenous governments to prioritize their funding and activities according to their unique needs and expertise, ensuring that factors of diversity are considered in the delivery and impact of services. This flexibility empowers Indigenous communities to make informed decisions on how best to allocate resources to address their priorities.

To account for community-level differences and promote inclusive governance outcomes, IGC's Band Support Funding (BSF) sub-program determines eligible funding based on factors like geographic remoteness, environmental conditions, population size, and departmental service delivery. Delivered as a grant, BSF enables First Nations to manage funds according to their distinct governance needs. The IGC's Employee Benefits (EB) program also supports First Nations by providing employer-contribution benefits, which are expected to increase pension contributions and enhance staff retention. Additionally, the Tribal Council Funding (TCF) program contributes to governance and administrative support for program and service delivery through tribal councils, as agreed upon by member First Nations.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: No significant distributional impacts
• By distinction: First Nations; Inuit

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Band Support Funding (BSF), Employee Benefits (EB), and Tribal Council Funding (TCF) provide formula-based grant and contribution funding to support core governance and administration for First Nations and tribal councils. These programs aim to maintain functional governance and service delivery, directly benefiting First Nations and their communities. Data from self-government agreements suggests that limited funding can exacerbate barriers to services. Notably, while Inuit are eligible for EB, there are currently no Inuit recipients, highlighting the need for research into this issue.

The Professional and Institutional Development (P&ID) program supports governance capacity building in First Nations and Inuit communities by funding projects that strengthen the 10 core functions of government. These projects enhance various services benefiting entire communities. Training initiatives targeting leadership and financial management have involved sub-groups, such as youth, in skills development related to governance. These initiatives help communities identify their needs and ensure diverse voices are represented in planning processes.

P&ID funding also supports governance development in administration and human resources, helping reduce barriers to accessing services. Addressing diverse governance needs—such as financial management, leadership, human resources, and community involvement—enables communities to better respond to their distinct priorities. This improvement in governance capacity ultimately enhances community participation and service delivery, benefiting individuals and sub-groups across First Nations and Inuit communities, while also strengthening the overall governance framework in these regions.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Efforts to modernize Canada's support for First Nations governance have included analyzing the impacts of governance capacity programs on individuals, sub-groups, and community-level factors. A key milestone in this process was the completion of a disaggregated salary data collection through Statistics Canada in March 2023. This analysis involved a preliminary review of self-government agreements, which identified 21 occupational classes related to governance functions. The study compared average salaries for these classes in First Nations on and off-reserve communities with those in the general Canadian population, accounting for remoteness. The findings revealed that First Nations' average salaries on reserves were 28% lower than in non-remote Canadian communities and 21% lower than in remote ones. This highlights the challenges First Nations face in offering competitive salaries, impacting their ability to hire and retain staff for governance and administrative roles.

Further efforts were made in 2023-24 to enhance data collection within the Professional and Institutional Development program, specifically targeting the involvement of and impact on equity groups like youth, Elders, women, persons with disabilities, and 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals in governance projects. This data could provide insights into how these groups benefit from governance capacity programs. Additionally, more work is planned for 2024-25 to better understand the impacts of Band Support Funding, Employee Benefits, and Tribal Council Funding by sub-group and community factors like population size and geographic remoteness. A forward-looking work plan will explore results measurement opportunities, focusing on how governance capacity programs support self-determination and their impacts on diverse groups within First Nations communities.

Focus Population

First Nations individuals who are eligible for status under the Indian Act

Subprogram Context

The First Nations Individual Affairs Program is the lead program for the government's legislative and administrative responsibilities for registration, membership, status cards, individual trust moneys, estates and band moneys. The work of the program supports the rights of the individual, including maintaining a current and accurate Indian Register, issuing proof of registration documents such as the Secure Certificate of Indian Status, issuing treaty annuity payments, administering estates as provided for under the Indian Act, and providing access to moneys held in trust by Canada on behalf of First Nation individuals and bands. The expected outcome of the program is that individuals are able to access the services, benefits and programs to which they are entitled.

Program Goals

Since December 2020, individuals applying for Indian registration or an Indian status card can choose between male (M), female (F), or a third gender option (X) on application forms. This inclusive approach, also being implemented in other IAB program forms where gender is relevant, aims to support gender-diverse individuals and enhance personal safety by omitting gender fields where unnecessary or offering a third option when required. Additionally, S-3 amendments extend Indian status entitlement to descendants of women impacted by historical sex-based discrimination, potentially granting status to an estimated 270,000 to 450,000 newly entitled persons. Furthermore, over 57,000 individuals already registered but previously unable to pass on entitlement can now do so due to category amendments.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced, includes specific measures for Two-Spirit or gender diverse individuals
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: Urban Centres, Rural Areas, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Individuals in remote areas face challenges accessing in-person services to apply for registration or SCIS, often relying on mail-in services due to limited digital infrastructure. To address this, the Digital Application Service (DAS) has been implemented in all Regional Offices for SCIS applications and will eventually support online applications. Additionally, the number of Trusted Source partnerships has grown to 29, allowing for easier access to registration and SCIS services.

For Dependent Adults, the department has updated the Dependent Adults Policy Guide to meet current service standards, though significant legislative gaps remain under the Indian Act. The Estates Sub-program has also pursued partnerships with Provincial Guardians and Trustees to enhance service levels, aiming to match provincial standards. While this doesn't fully resolve broader regulatory issues, it offers an immediate improvement in care for Dependent Adults living on reserves.

Key program impact statistics

Other Key program Impacts

Indian Register data (total registered population) is the basis for many programs funding levels and allocations. Federal, provincial and territorial programs rely on an accurate Indian Register for program administration purposes.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Track the number of registration requests and eligible individuals. The Indian Registration System and Secure Certificate of Indian Status Web Application collect gender information from which the program can extract data to measure and assess the impacts on gender and diversity. As it relates to GBA Plus, the most relevant data would be age, gender at birth and province of residence. Due to known past sex-based inequities in the Indian Act, the program can use life events, such as birth and marriage, to assess how gender has impacted entitlement to registration under the Indian Act.

The Estates Reporting System tracks information relevant to Dependent Adults under ISC's jurisdiction, such as sex, marital status and residence on/off reserve.

Focus Population

First Nations

Subprogram Context

The New Fiscal Relationship (NFR) Grant, which provides First Nations with predictable and flexible funding for a variety of core programs.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Some First Nations, such as smaller and more remote communities, have challenges attracting and retaining individuals with the financial expertise needed to help meet the Grant eligibility requirements. The New Fiscal Relationship seeks to address community-level disparities by providing governance capacity supports to First Nations through the First Nations Financial Management Board, including remote assistance for various financial administration activities and for communities at risk of default. This support enhances stability and reduces barriers for communities with reduced governance capacity to access the benefits of various tools for self-determination, including the Grant. Additional support for communities interested in joining the Grant is provided by the Indigenous Governance and Capacity sub-program through funding for Professional and Institutional Development.

Program Goals

The New Fiscal Relationship Grant is a unique funding mechanism intended to have community-level impacts for First Nations who have already moved or will move to the Grant, by providing them the flexibility to invest in and plan for services in a manner that reflects community priorities. Reporting to Canada is also significantly decreased as core funding levels are not recalculated annually. This Grant responds to a need in predictability that many First Nations have expressed as short term funding creates a lack of stability that does not allow for longer-term planning, and thus is inhibitory to self-determination.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: Urban Centres, Rural Areas, Inuit Nunangat, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

Since 2019, Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) and the Assembly of First Nations have been developing a National Outcome-Based Framework to enhance the measurement of First Nations outcomes. This initiative involved extensive engagement with First Nations citizens, data experts, leaders, Regional Indigenous Organizations, and Tribal Councils to inform socio-economic reporting. The final engagement sessions were completed in 2023-24, with reports scheduled for release in 2024-25. The feedback received has guided the framework's evolution, aligning it with recent Indigenous data initiatives and emphasizing Indigenous Data Sovereignty. This approach aims to empower First Nations communities by providing them with the tools to manage, protect, and utilize their data effectively, thus enhancing their ability to deliver services, tell their own stories, and participate in federal decision-making processes.

The 2023-2026 Data Strategy for the Federal Public Service supports this shift by committing ISC and TBS to advance self-determination and data sovereignty. The National Outcome-Based Framework is moving away from government-prescribed reporting mechanisms towards offering a toolkit that First Nations communities can customize to measure their success based on their Indigenous ways of knowing. This framework will evolve as First Nations enhance their data capacity through ongoing work by the First Nations Information Governance Center. Additionally, the 2024-25 NFR Grant evaluation will assess how well First Nations can access the Grant and its impact on diverse subpopulations, with ISC examining correlations between Grant participation and factors like community size, remoteness, employment, and income. This analysis aims to disaggregate indicators related to Grant eligibility and participation.

Focus Population

First Nations and Individuals residing On Reserve

Subprogram Context

Governance provides training and support to First Nations in the areas of leadership selection process conversion, elections training, Electoral Officer training, by-laws training and overall governance support.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

Election and governance frameworks support all First Nation communities that are defined as "bands" pursuant to the Indian Act and not operating within a self-government agreement. Specific considerations are provided to off-reserve members to ensure that they are able to participate in leadership selection processes. The sub-program continues to be responsive on provisions of supports and services such as provision of information and delivery of training on by-laws and elections. It does so by providing in-person learning and leveraging electronic meeting platforms in order to reach the widest possible audience across Canada in order to account for capacity and socio-economic differences of First Nation communities. The goal is to provide equal access to information and training in a timely manner for anyone who may need or request it.

Governance continues to provide an equal opportunity for First Nations to move away from the Indian Act as they see appropriate and also continues to support First Nations in their law-making initiatives and consideration of new governance frameworks by continuing to leverage new technologies and improve service delivery and access to training and support.

Program Goals

Provides specific considerations to off-reserve members to ensure participation in leadership process. Provides both in-person learning and online training delivery to reach First Nation communities, who may have different socioeconomic and capacity realities in order to provide timely, equal access to anyone who needs or requests it.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: Urban Centres, Rural Areas, Inuit Nunangat, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations

Key program impact statistics

Focus Population

The target populations of the Survey on Indigenous Peoples include First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. It provides comprehensive data on Indigenous people residing in urban and rural areas, and in Inuit Land Claim areas. In addition, since the establishment of a partnership with First Nations Information Governance Center (FNIGC) in 2011, the survey initiative provides data compliant with the principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possession (OCAP®) from First Nations communities across all regions in Canada.

Subprogram Context

Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC), in partnership with Employment and Social Development Canada, fund the Surveys on Indigenous Peoples program to help Indigenous communities and organizations, federal, provincial and territorial governments, as well as other interested parties, make informed decisions on employment, education, health, language, income, housing and mobility related to First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations.

The program consists of two similar but separate surveys. First, the Indigenous Peoples Survey (IPS), formally known as the Aboriginal Peoples Survey, is led by Statistics Canada. It is an established survey about the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Indigenous populations in Canada. In 2022 ISC provided further funding to support the Nunavut Inuit Supplement to the IPS. The supplement collects and analyzes community-level data to better reflect the social and economic realities of Inuit across Nunavut. Second, led by the FNIGC, the First Nations Regional Social Survey is a national survey that focuses on children and families, aims to provide relevant and valuable data to support policy and program development and inform decision-making to reflect the current needs of First Nations communities. It provides an opportunity to examine trends in social and economic well-being in First Nations communities over time.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

There is a need for robust data that can be disaggregated by gender and other key characteristics that can – alone or in concert with gender – impact individuals' needs and experiences. In addition, there is a need to collect data on specific issues that reflect the unique experiences of individuals with different gender and identity profiles. The Surveys on Indigenous Peoples provides a unique source of culturally-driven data that are not available from other sources, and which are designed to capture unique, distinctions-based, gender-relevant perspectives of Indigenous people.

Program Goals

The Surveys on Indigenous Peoples are designed to permit gender disaggregation, which is typically possible minimally at the national level. Examples of variables that are available disaggregated by gender include: the ability to speak an Indigenous language; parental, social, and school support systems; school environment; long term health problems; smoking status; food security; residential school attendance, and; the making of hand-crafted goods. To the greatest extent possible, gender-disaggregated data can be further broken down by GBA Plus-relevant factors such as age, region, distinctions group, education, and income levels.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: Primarily benefits youth, children and/or future generations
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: Urban Centres, Rural Areas, Inuit Nunangat, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations, Inuit, Métis

Key program impact statistics

In the future, the program will report on the indicator: "Survey response rates: % of data elements that can be disaggregated by gender"

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

As was done two-years post the release of the data from the 5th cycle of the SIP, a user satisfaction survey will be sent to SIP data users at ISC and CIRNAC to assess their satisfaction and utility of the data collected and disseminated as part of the SIP program. This survey is slated to occur in FY 2026-27. The Strategic Research and Data Innovation Branch will also monitor and track the usage of SIP data in published research papers both from academic journals, national Indigenous organizations, and community researchers.

Focus Population

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, and organizations

Subprogram Context

Launched in support of Canada's commitment to the implementation of the UNDRIP and the TRC Calls to Action, Transformational Approach to Indigenous Data (TAID) focuses on advancing Indigenous data capacity to support the inherent strengths, resilience, and knowledge systems of Indigenous Peoples as a foundational component of Indigenous self-determination. This multi-phase, multi-stream initiative will culminate in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis-led statistical capacity in the form of distinctions-based institutions, organizations, or functions that are structured and governed according to the unique needs and perspectives of each distinctions group. Under this umbrella, ISC is also working to improve data sharing with Indigenous partners as a first step towards service transfer while Statistics Canada works to support Indigenous Delivery Partners in building Indigenous data capacity through co-developed projects, and to improve the visibility of Indigenous Peoples in Canada's national statistics.

Specific Demographic Group Outcomes

ISC's work on data sharing may disproportionately benefit First Nations, as First Nations data makes up a high percentage of ISC's data holdings.

Statistics Canada's work to improve the visibility of Indigenous Peoples in Canada's national statistics will have an overall positive impact on the ability to apply GBA Plus, as the work will focus on improving the availability of distinctions-based data and more granular data to support intersectional analysis.

However, this work will have less benefit for First Nations living on reserve and potentially Inuit in the north, as Statistics Canada's household surveys are typically not conducted on reserve and northern coverage is less robust owing to high cost and respondent burden.

Program Goals

The Transformational Approach to Indigenous Data supports First Nations (on- and off-reserve), Inuit, and Métis Peoples with suitable age group, gender and geographic disaggregation. Disaggregated data and Indigenous-led, distinctions-based approaches are key to GBA Plus, where the "plus" acknowledges all individuals have multiple identity factors like race, ethnicity, age, etc., which intersect to shape their outcomes and lived experiences.

Indigenous Peoples have called for the Government of Canada to support Indigenous Data Sovereignty and to improve the visibility of Indigenous Peoples in Canada's national statistics by producing data that are culturally relevant and robust enough to be broken down along multiple (intersectional) lines.

Distribution of Benefits

• By gender: Broadly gender-balanced
• By age group: No significant inter-generational impacts
• By income level: No significant distributional impacts
• By geography: Urban Centres, Rural Areas, Inuit Nunangat, Northern regions
• By distinction: First Nations (mostly), Inuit and Metis

Key program impact statistics

In the future, the program will report on the following indicators: "The percentage of Statistics Canada active surveys with Indigenous identifiers that can produce estimates by gender for at least one Indigenous identity group" and "The percentage of Statistics Canada active surveys with Indigenous identifiers that can produce estimates for at least one Indigenous group broken down by two or more intersecting factors (gender, age group and/or region)"

In order to support this work, Statistics Canada, as part of the projects funded under TAID, developed an automation process to inventory their survey data holdings in real-time. This will allow regular updates of the number of surveys that can be disaggregated by Indigenous identity and gender amongst other variables of interest. The project was launched in FY 2023-24 with results anticipated in FY 2024-25. Data will be available in future reports."

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan

The Transformational Approach to Indigenous Data (TAID) supports Indigenous-led data strategies while also increasing the visibility of Indigenous Peoples in Canada's national statistics. For 2023-24 and 2024-25, the department has allocated $5.6 million for enhancing distinctions-based (disaggregated) Indigenous data collection through Statistics Canada's survey ecosystem. These investments aim to address known data gaps and improve the capacity to report on gender and diversity impacts. ISC is also focusing on refining its internal processes for data sharing and is developing a Policy on External Data Sharing. This policy, informed by feedback from Indigenous partners, will guide how ISC responds to data requests and aims to increase requests from diverse groups; results of this work will be reported on in future GBA Plus SITs.

Additionally, ISC is collaborating with Indigenous delivery partners to develop their data strategies and capacities, aligning with their specific needs and visions for gender-based and diversity analysis. Statistics Canada is co-developing projects with Indigenous Partners and Organizations under the TAID initiative to produce culturally relevant data and research. These projects explore governance approaches to inform how new statistical institutions might contribute to Canada's national statistical system.