Appearance before the Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs on the 2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C) and the 2022-23 Main Estimates, March 25, 2022

Logistics

Date: Friday, March 25, 2022

Time: 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

Location: Room 415, Wellington Building, 197 Sparks Street & Videoconference (Zoom)

(hybrid proceedings)

Subject: 2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C) and 2022-23 Main Estimates

Panel #1 (1 p.m. to 2 p.m.)

Indigenous Services Canada

1. The Honourable Patty Hajdu, Minister (appearing in person)
2. Christiane Fox, Deputy Minister (appearing in person)
3. Philippe Thompson, Chief Finances, Results and Delivery Officer (appearing in person)
4. Joanne Wilkinson, Senior Assistant Deputy Minister, Regional Operations
5. Patrick Boucher, Senior Assistant Deputy Minister, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch
6. Chris Rainer, Director General, Evaluation and Policy Redesign Branch

Panel #2 (2 p.m. to 3 p.m.)

Crown-Indigenous Relations

1. The Honourable Marc Miller, Minister (appearing in person)
2. Daniel Quan-Watson, Deputy Minister
3. Darlene Bess, Chief Finances, Results, and Delivery Officer
4. Martin Reiher, Assistant Deputy Minister, Resolutions and Partnerships
5. Mary-Luisa Kapelus, Senior Assistant Deputy Minister, Policy and Strategic Direction

Northern Affairs

1. The Honourable Dan Vandal, Minister of Northern Affairs (appearing in person)
2. Paula Isaak, Associate Deputy Minister, Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs
3. Wayne Walsh, Director General, Northern Strategic Policy

Context

INAN agreed to the following motion on March 1, 2022:

That the Minister of Indigenous Services, the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and the Minister of Northern Affairs appear pursuant to Standing Order 81 to provide testimony on the Supplementary Estimates (C), 2021-22 and the Main Estimates 2022-23 on Friday, March 25, 2022.

Previous Work

This will be INAN's first meeting on the Department's estimates this parliamentary session.

The Committee's most recent focus has been a study on the Effects of Housing Shortage on Indigenous Peoples in Canada. Minister Miller, Minister Hajdu, and departmental officials appeared when the study launched on March 4, 2022. There was one follow-up from MP Gill regarding funding for housing in Nunavut.

MPs asked Minister Hajdu about tuberculosis, the Departmental Plan, and whether adequate accounting for population growth is factored into the Estimates. MPs asked Minister Miller about housing in Nunavut, seniors, and whether First Nations should govern and mange their own land interests.

In terms of questions raised for other witnesses, MPs asked about the effects of the housing shortage on Indigenous people, additions to land, slow delivery of funding to Inuit communities, and the role of the Inuit-Crown Partnership in measuring progress.

Before this study, INAN studied the Barriers to Indigenous Economic Development, which it launched on February 4, 2022. The ISC and Northern Affairs Ministers appeared with officials on February 11, 2022.The key issues that were raised during this study relate to the inaccessibility to funding for Indigenous communities, (leading to a lack of stable revenue); education; inaccessibility to energy and transportation infrastructure; and, housing disparities.

Membership

MP Gary Vidal (CPC), critic for Crown-Indigenous Relations, has spoken about the lack of funding allocated to Indigenous communities in the Prairies, as well as the need for better housing. He has also recently criticized the Government for allegedly "[marginalizing] Indigenous people by continuing to disparage the unvaccinated." (Hansard, February 10, 2022)

MP Jaime Schmale (CPC) has expressed interest in Indigenous Services Canada's Departmental Plan. In particular, at an INAN meeting on February 11, 2022, he wanted to know how many businesses were created and when will the Government have a mandate in place so Indigenous businesses can thrive.

MP Shannon Stubbs (CPC), who has nine First Nation and Metis communities in her riding, has raised the importance of building long-term sustainable relationships with Indigenous people. (February 15, 2022) At INAN on February 11, she spoke about the challenges Indigenous people face in improving their economies. "I am seized with many of the challenges that you've talked about. These are, primarily, access to capital, capacity building in communities so that they can effectively participate in the regulatory process, and the necessity for the Crown to meet their obligations for two-way dynamic consultation with Indigenous communities rather than just checking it off on a list."

MP Lori Idlout (NDP), the critic of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs, will likely focus her questions on the economy in Nunavut. Recently in the House of Commons, she indicated that people in Nunavut are struggling, and are faced with unemployment, poverty and a food insecurity. "Roughly four in 10 residents of Nunavut are on social assistance, the highest proportion in the country. Basic needs like heating and electricity are even more expensive because almost all of Nunavut's electricity is generated from diesel fuel." (Hansard, February 15, 2022) Earlier this month on Twitter, she indicated that more investments should be made in housing. "Feds know that more than 3,000 (homes) are need to relieve the overcrowded housing situation. These numbers are very minor to meeting the actual need." Last November on Twitter, she said the Throne speech was silent on housing for Indigenous people. "It was weak on commitments to addressing water issues. Basic needs are not in the forefront of the minds of the government. Just more pretty words." (Twitter, November 23, 2021)

MP Marilène Gill (BQ), critic of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs, has posed questions at INAN in previous years about Indigenous rights, food security in the North, and the lack of progress in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action. More recently, she asked the Minister of Indigenous Services at INAN about inequalities between First Nation, Inuit and Métis communities. (Hansard, February 11, 2022) On Twitter last December, she remarked that Government investments in housing for Indigenous people are lacking.

MP Michael V. Mcleod (LIB) will likely ask questions that pertain to communities in his riding in the Northwest Territories. He has indicated the importance of improving infrastructure. "Earlier today I met with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to discuss some of the priorities of NWTers, including Indigenous rights and closing the infrastructure gap." (Twitter, December 15, 2021) He was also involved in an announcement on February 3, 2022, on the $3.2 million to help create 14 units of transitional homes in Hay River for women and children fleeing violence.

MP Patrick Weiler (LIB)'s key interests are tourism, labour, housing and affordability. He has indicated that he was "proud" when the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People received Royal Assent on June 21, 2021. (Pique News Magazine, August 27, 2021). Last fall, he acknowledged the role all Canadians should play in addressing the legacy of residential schools and reconciliation. "Part of reconciliation is about building an understanding & repairing relationships to move towards healing" (Twitter, September 30, 2021)

MP Marcus Powlowski (LIB) has recently spoken about the need for more mental health resources for Indigenous people. "Although our Government has done a lot to address addictions, mental health and the opioid crisis, I do not think we have been as successful as we would like to be." (Hansard, February 8, 2022)

MP Jaime Battiste (LIB), Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, highlighted the importance of advancing self-determination and economic development for Indigenous people through additions to reserve. "Additions to reserve play a significant role in returning land to Indigenous communities, fulfilling legal obligations, improving relationships with Indigenous communities, and fostering economic opportunities." (January 31, 2022)

Meeting Proceedings

The meeting is scheduled from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. on March 25, 2022 and will be held via the web platform Zoom. The Minister of Indigenous Services Canada is appearing in person during the first hour. During the second hour, the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations will appear virtually, and the Minister of Northern Affairs will appear in person.

Witnesses who are appearing virtually will be asked to connect to the meeting at 12:30 p.m. The Zoom link will be sent directly from the House of Commons to the witnesses.

The Chair will call the meeting to order and provide instructions for the meeting proceedings. He will then introduce the witnesses and invite the Ministers deliver their opening remarks. It is recommended that all speakers speak slowly and at an appropriate level to ensure they are heard by the interpreters. All witnesses are asked to mute their microphones unless they are speaking.

While simultaneous translation will be available, witnesses are asked to respond to questions in either English or French, but to limit switching back and forth between languages as this often creates technology/interpretation challenges. It is recommended that the speeches are made in one official language.

Following the opening remarks, there will be rounds of questions from Committee members (as listed below).

Committee members will pose their questions in the following order:

• First round (6 minutes for each Party)
  • Conservative Party of Canada
  • Liberal Party of Canada
  • Bloc Québécois
  • New Democratic Party of Canada
• Second round
  • Conservative Party of Canada (5 minutes)
  • Liberal Party of Canada (5 minutes)
  • Bloc Québécois (2.5 minutes)
  • New Democratic Party of Canada (2.5 minutes)
  • Conservative Party of Canada (5 minutes)
  • Liberal Party of Canada (5 minutes)

The meeting can be watched via parlvu, however there may be an up to 70-second delay with the field. A real time audio line will be shared if one is provided for this meeting.

Supplementary estimates (C) 2021-22

The 2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C) contains $648.6 million in new funding that will be dedicated to emergency response and recovery activities, the continued implementation of Jordan's Principle, Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports and medical transportation in Nunavut.

For 2022-23, the department's Main Estimates are $39.6 billion.

This is a net increase of about $26.1 billion, or 193%, compared to last year's Main Estimates.

When we look at spending increases for this year, many of the items are related to child and family well-being.

These estimates show that Indigenous children and youth are at the heart of what we do. We remain committed to improving their health, education and well-being. This is an essential part of our journey towards reconciliation.

Explanation of increased spending

No amount of money can reverse the harms experienced by First Nations children or return years lost by separation from their families, communities, and culture.

Historic injustices require historic reparations and our shared goal is to achieve a settlement that can be delivered to families as soon as possible.

The Fall Economic and Fiscal Update committed to providing $40B to provide compensation for those harmed by the federal government's discriminatory funding practices and to commit the funds necessary to implement long-term reform so that future generations of First Nations children will never face the same systemic tragedies.

CHRT & First Nations Child and Family Services

This year's budgetary spending includes half of the funds to begin to address these historic wrongs. As mentioned, budgetary spending has increased by $26.1 billion or 193% as compared to the 2021-22 Main Estimates as a result. The major changes include:

• an increase of $20 billion for the Agreements-in-Principle that has been reached for compensation;

These funds honour our commitment for compensation that is comprehensive, fair, and equitable that will further healing for those impacted by the historic inequities in First Nations child welfare.

We will work with the parties to put in place an approach that best serves these children.

I thank all parties and Hon. Murray Sinclair and his team for their work and shared commitment to this process as they continue to work tirelessly on a final agreement.

We have also committed to significant investments to address long-term reform of the First Nations Child and Family Services that will be sought in future supplementary estimates.

• There is an additional increase of $646.8 million for First Nations Child and Family Services, and the continued implementation of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal's orders.

This funding supports the implementation of the Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families which ensures that First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children and families jurisdiction over their child and family services.

First Nations, Inuit and Métis can decide what is best for their children, their families, and their communities.

Water

As I mentioned earlier, this week we marked World Water Day. I can assure this committee that I remain committed to ensuring First Nations on reserve have access to safe and clean drinking water.

This year's budgetary spending includes an increase of $2 billion for an out-of-court settlement to advance Canada's commitment to reconciliation by paving the way for a more respectful and constructive relationship with Indigenous Peoples.

There is also a net increase of $1.2 billion in this year's budgetary spending for infrastructure in Indigenous communities and improvements in the access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities.

Communities have made significant efforts to improve water infrastructure on reserves: repairing, expanding and replacing infrastructure, strengthening training and support of water operators, and allocating additional funding for operations and maintenance.

First Nations have been clear: they need long-term support for water and wastewater operations and maintenance to prevent future advisories. That is why Canada is now covering 100 per cent of the funding formula used to calculate these costs—up from 80 per cent.

One challenge with lifting long-term drinking water advisories is that it isn't just about repairing or replacing infrastructure. It's also about running and maintaining the system after an advisory is lifted.

This increased funding will support First Nations in improving water operator salaries, better retaining qualified operators in their communities, training new operators to build water maintenance capacity, improving or maintaining asset condition ratings, and ensuring longer lifecycles for water assets.

Other Spending in Health Care and Education

I also want to highlight that this year's budgetary spending includes.

• a net increase of $536.7 million for non-insured health benefits for First Nations and Inuit. $58M of that specifically for Nunavut as interim funding for health care delivery, including medical transportation.
• As well as a net increase of $377.6 million for the continued implementation of Jordanʼs Principle and supporting the Inuit Child First Initiative
• Finally, there is a net increase of $350.3 million for elementary and secondary education as well as post-secondary education programs, including COVID-19 funding 

Infrastructure spending

I'll say few words about spending on infrastructure. This is an area with a large increase in spending compared to last year.

Our government recognizes its role in addressing the social and economic inequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities. That is why we are committed to closing the infrastructure gap by 2030.

This increase will be used to improve drinking water infrastructure, housing and other community needs.

Over the next two years, ISC and CIRNAC will work with partners to develop lists of critical infrastructure needs, prioritize investments, and identify options for program and service reform.

First Nations leaders and members know best what their communities need. And we are committed to supporting First Nations to independently deliver services.

We are working with individual communities to help them prepare for the transfer of service delivery, taking a holistic, community-based approach.

And we are building partnerships with First Nations organizations that have the mandate to transfer infrastructure service delivery.

Conclusion

Thank you, members of the committee, for having me today.

We are working closely with partners to improve conditions for Indigenous communities across the country. Through these programs and investments, we feel that we are making progress towards healing and building a brighter future. Closing these gaps in social and economic opportunities experienced by Indigenous communities will build stronger families and communities.

Meegwetch. Nakummek. Marci. Thank you. Merci.

Supplementary Estimates

• Supplementary Estimates present information to Parliament on Government of Canada spending requirements not sufficiently developed in time for inclusion in the Main Estimates.
• Eligible items are:
  • Requirements approved by Treasury Board in or before December 16, 2021;
  • Transfers between Votes within the organization;
  • Transfers between organizations. The organization receiving the transfer needs to have the mandate and policy coverage for the purpose of the funding;
  • Increases to existing grants that are to be funded within the Vote; and
  • Increases to vote-netted revenues.
• Supplementary Estimates (C) is the third of three Supplementary Estimates, which were tabled in February, 19 2022.  Supply is anticipated in March 2022.
• This Supplementary Estimates (C) includes numerous items that were originally anticipated to be included in the Supplementary Estimates (B). As Supplementary Estimates (B) was a directed Supps, i.e. only items that have been jointly identified as urgent by the Departments and Treasury Board Secretariat are to be included, therefore, some of the Treasury Board Submissions, half of the re-profile requests and all the transfers were transferred to the present Supps.

2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C)

• The 2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C) reflect a net increase of $749.3 million.
• This includes (Please refer to the table on the following page):
  • Approximatively $648.6 million in new funding mainly for emergency response and recovery activities, continued implementation of Jordan's Principle, Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports and medical transportation in Nunavut;
  • $122.3 million of reprofile funding from last fiscal year; and
  • $21.7 million decrease in net transfers to and from other departments.
• The total authorities for 2021-22 will be $21.8 billion.

Explanation of Requirements - By Vote and Key Initiatives

• The net increase of $749.3 million is comprised of:
  • $65.7 million in Vote 1 Operating expenditures, primarily $25.2 million for continued implementation of Jordan's Principle and $18.8 million for Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports;
  • A decrease of $21.3 million in Vote 5 Capital expenditures to support  activities to increase and enhance testing capabilities for COVID-19 (Genex);
  • $700.4 million in Vote 10 Grants and Contributions, primarily $193.1 million for emergency response and recovery activities, $125.2 million for continued implementation of Jordan's Principle, $87.4 million for Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports, $62.0 million to support medical transportation in Nunavut, and
  • $28.1 million for a mercury care home, a water treatment facility for Asubpeeschoseewagong Netum Anishinabek and a mercury wellness centre for Wabaseemoong Independent Nations; and
  • $4.5 million in statutory funding for Employee Benefits

Funding for emergency response and recovery activities – $194.0 million

Funding for the continued implementation of Jordan's Principle – $151.9 million

Funding for Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports - $106.9 million

Funding to support medical transportation in Nunavut - $62.0 million

Funding for a mercury care home and a water treatment facility for Asubpeeschoseewagong Netum Anishinabek and a mercury wellness centre for Wabaseemoong Independent Nations - $28.2 million

Funding for the construction and operation of shelters and transition houses for Indigenous women, children and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people (horizontal item) - $18.9 million

Funding to address anti-Indigenous racism in health care (Budget 2021) (horizontal item) - $18.5 million

Funding to adjust the new fiscal relationship grant for inflation and population growth (Budget 2021) - $13.6 million

Funding for clean energy projects in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities (Budget 2021) - $11.9 million

Funding to establish a Canada-wide early learning and child care system (horizontal item) $11.7 million

Funding to implement an Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families (Budget 2021) (horizontal item) – $11.6 million

Funding for the Pathways to Safe Indigenous Communities Initiative (Budget 2021) - $10.7 million

Funding for out-of-court settlements - $2.9 million

Funding for Additions to Reserve Land for First Nations Economic Recovery (Budget 2021) (horizontal item) – $2.4 million

Funding to increase federal procurement from Indigenous-led businesses (horizontal item) - $2.1 million

Funding for the co-development of First Nations policing legislation and engagement to support Indigenous policing (Budget 2021) (horizontal item) - $0.8 million

Funding to transition diesel-reliant Indigenous communities to clean energy (horizontal item) – $0.3 million

Funding to support First Nations Enhanced Education Infrastructure Fund (Re-profile) - $54.5 million

Funding for First Nations health facilities (Re-profile) - $18.8 million

Funding to improve access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities (Re-profile) - $17.1 million

Funding for the Income Assistance Program (Re-profile) - $16.0 million

Funding to co-develop a new and more holistic long-term care strategy with First Nations and Inuit partners while supporting existing long-term care services (Re-profile) - $5.9 million

Funding for emergency management on reserve (Re-profile) – $3.4 million

Funding for Urban Programming for Indigenous Peoples service providers (Re-profile) - $1.8 million

Funding for the removal of the 1951 cut-off which will eliminate sex-based inequities in Indian status registration (Re-profile) - $1.8 million

Funding to support the Inuit Child First Initiative (Re-profile) - $1.4 million

Funding to end violence against Indigenous women and girls (Re-profile) – $0.8 million

Funding for disaster management preparation and response related to the FireSmart Program (Re-profile) 0.8 million

Funding to support the Innovative Solutions Canada Fund (Re-profile) – $0.2 million

Annex A

Indigenous Services Canada - 2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C)

• We are committed to supporting Indigenous communities to deliver services and programs and address the unacceptable socio-economic conditions that persist today.
• The 2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C) total $749.3 million. This funding is mainly to support emergency response and recovery activities, for the continued implementation of Jordan's Principle, Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports and medical transportation in Nunavut.
• We continue working to protect the health and safety of Indigenous peoples through the pandemic and delivery of vaccination.

If pressed – Funding for emergency response and recovery activities

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $194.0 million for emergency response and recovery activities.
• The funding will support the reimbursements to First Nations, municipalities, provinces, territories and third party emergency management service providers for eligible expenditures incurred on-reserve for emergency response and recovery activities in order to achieve the ultimate outcome of Indigenous people having reliable and sustainable infrastructure.

If pressed – Funding for the continued implementation of Jordan's Principle

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $151.9 million for the continued implementation of Jordan's Principle.
• The funding will ensure First Nations children have access to the health, education, and social products, services and supports they need, when and where they need them and ensure Canada's compliance with its legal obligations under the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal (CHRT).
• The funding aims at improving the well-being and healthy development of First Nations children and assist in closing gaps in living standards between First Nations children and non-Indigenous children in Canada.

If pressed – Funding for Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $106.9 million for Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports.
• The confirmation of unmarked burials at the sites of former Indian Residential Schools across Canada in the spring and summer of 2021 created a significant increase in demand for urgent mental wellness supports.
• This funding will support the expansion of critical trauma-informed Health and Cultural Supports to help address the immediate needs of individuals that may be impacted by the recent burial confirmations at Indian Residential School sites.

If pressed – Funding to support medical transportation in Nunavut

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $62.0 million to support medical transportation in Nunavut.
• This investment will support the Government of Nunavut's efforts to address immediate health care delivery cost pressures for medical travel. The funding is also expected to improve health outcomes and protect patient safety.
• ISC, in collaboration with other Departments, is working closely with the Government of Nunavut to determine a long term strategy to address medical travel funding challenges.

If pressed – Funding for a mercury care home and a water treatment facility for Asubpeeschoseewagong Netum Anishinabek (ANA) and a mercury wellness centre for Wabaseemoong Independent Nations (WIN)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $28.2 million for the construction of the Mercury Care Home and work related to the new water treatment facility for ANA and, the administration and governance activities related to the construction of the Mercury Wellness Centre for WIN.
• The investment is expected to provide a physical space to deliver federal health services and, potentially, provincial inpatient and outpatient health services and auxiliary health care (i.e., physiotherapy) for people who have been affected by the mercury poisoning. The investment is also expected to help address the unique health needs of the communities in a culturally safe setting close to home, community and families.

If pressed – Funding for the construction and operation of shelters and transition houses for Indigenous women, children and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $18.9 million for the construction and operation of shelters and transition houses for Indigenous women, children and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people.
• This funding will support the operation of additional emergency shelters, as well as operational funding for new Indigenous-led second stage housing across Canada, including urban areas and in the North for Indigenous women, children, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people escaping gender based violence.

If pressed – Funding to address anti-Indigenous racism in health care (Budget 2021) (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $18.5 million, from Budget 2021, to address anti-Indigenous racism in health care.
• Funding will include support for Indigenous midwives and doulas, Indigenous health systems navigators and patient advocates, Indigenous health human resources as well as a Cultural Safety Partnership fund.
• The Department will work with partners to develop a more comprehensive, longer-term national approach in the coming years.

Funding to adjust the new fiscal relationship grant for inflation and population growth (Budget 2021)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $13.6 million, from Budget 2021, to adjust the new fiscal relationship grant for inflation and population growth.
• Budget 2021 announced $2.7 billion over ten years starting in 2021-22 to support the implementation of an escalation for the 10-year grant funding.  The Initiative aims to provide more long-term stabilized funding supports for eligible First Nations who choose to join the grant, supporting their ability to improve outcomes via design and delivery of services.

If pressed – Funding for clean energy projects in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities (Budget 2021) 

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $11.9 million, from Budget 2021, for clean energy projects in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities.
• The funding, intended for the Strategic Partnerships Initiative Program, will help Indigenous community's capacity and readiness develop capacity for local, economically sustainable clean energy projects in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities and support economic development opportunities.

If pressed – Funding to establish a Canada-wide early learning and child care system (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $11.7 million to continue to support building Indigenous governance capacity.
• Budget 2021 announced funding of $2.5 billion over the next five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $542 million on-going for Indigenous Early Learning and Childcare (IELCC) programming.
• The funding will support the ongoing implementation of the transformative IELCC Framework for the delivery and governance of IELCC that is anchored in self-determination, centered on children and grounded in culture. It will also lay the foundations to support the ultimate goal of transferring control of IELCC to Indigenous Peoples.

If pressed – Funding to implement an Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and familie (Budget 2021) (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $11.6 million, from Budget 2021, to support the implementation of an Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families.
• The funding is intended to continue implementing the Act through: engagement, capacity building, coordination agreement discussions, operationalization of coordination agreements, governance, as well as an interim approach for early adopters of the Act.
• This is consistent with ISC's mandated priorities to protect the best interests of Indigenous children.

If pressed – Funding for the Pathways to Safe Indigenous Communities Initiative (Budget 2021)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $10.7 million, from Budget 2021, to implement the new Pathways to Safe Indigenous communities Initiative.
• The funding intended for the new initiative will support Indigenous communities to develop more holistic community-based safety and wellness models.
• The ultimate outcome is to support community safety and well-being projects in Indigenous communities.

If pressed - Funding for out-of-court settlements

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $2.9 million for out-of-court settlements.
• The funding is to ensure that the Government is in a position to respond expeditiously to commitments made should out of court settlements be reached.
• The Federal Government is committed to resolving legal challenges through respectful discussions and mediation.

This advances Canada's overall commitment to reconciliation by paving the way for a more respectful and constructive relationship with Indigenous people.

If pressed - Funding to accelerate the process for additions to reserve land (Budget 2021) (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $2.4 million, from Budget 2021, to accelerate the process for additions to reserve land.
• The funding is intended to accelerate the rate of completion of the existing inventory of over 1250 Additions to Reserve proposals.
• This will enable Canada to fulfill outstanding legal obligations related to addition to reserves, improve community access to economic development opportunities and build capacity within First Nation communities and Indigenous organizations to support self-determination and self-governance.

If pressed - Funding to increase federal procurement from Indigenous-led businesses (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $2.1 million to increase federal procurement from Indigenous-led businesses.
• The funding is intended for the implementation of a phased-in mandatory government-wide minimum target for Indigenous procurement. The proposed approach will broaden access to Indigenous participation in federal procurement processes and was informed by engagements with Indigenous partners. This approach is designed to increase the total value of federal procurement contracts awarded to Indigenous businesses, including the establishment of a foundation to incent and enable departments, and the provision of support and capacity-building for Indigenous suppliers.

If pressed - Funding for the co-development of First Nations policing legislation and engagement to support Indigenous policing (Budget 2021) (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $0.8 million, from Budget 2021, for the co-development of First Nations policing legislation and engagement to support Indigenous policing.
• The funding will support the co-development of a legislative framework for First Nations policing these services as an essential service.
• This will advance the Government's commitment to accelerate the development of a legislative framework for First Nations policing.

If pressed - Funding to transition diesel-reliant Indigenous communities to clean energy (horizontal item)

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include $0.3 million to transition diesel-reliant Indigenous communities to clean energy.
• The funding will provide early support to develop Indigenous community's capacity and readiness to develop local or regional economically sustainable clean energy projects and off-diesel.
• The investments will address Canada's 2030 diesel transition goal and will contribute to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

If pressed - Funding to support the First Nations Enhanced Education Infrastructure Fund

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $54.5 million to support First Nations Enhanced Education Infrastructure Fund.
• The re-profiled funding will ensure the completion of 16 schools within First Nation communities that were impacted due to construction stoppages/delay attributable to COVID-19.
• The funding will support the Government's priority of establishing a renewed partnership with First Nations, including supporting high-quality education and economic opportunities as experienced by other Canadians to improve long-term First Nation educational outcomes.

If pressed - Funding for First Nations health facilities

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $18.8 million, for First Nations health facilities.
• The funding will continue supporting projects for the construction of health facilities in First Nations communities. The communities have experienced high population growth rates and changing health care demands over the past 20 years, which has resulted in their current health facilities providing insufficient space to meet each community's high health care demands.
• These projects contribute to provide safe health facilities that support First Nations to deliver health care programs and services.

If pressed - Funding to improve access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $17.1 million to improve access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities.
• The funding will help to ensure measures are in place to: lift long-term drinking water advisories; First Nations' public water and wastewater systems will meet established standards; First Nations will have greater capacity to operate and maintain public water and wastewater systems; and Indigenous people will have reliable and sustainable infrastructure.

If pressed - Funding for the Income Assistance Program

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $16.0 million for the Income Assistance Program.
• The funding is to continue to provide financial assistance to low-income on reserve residents to support their essential and special needs, at standards reasonably comparable to the relevant province of residence or Yukon, and to help them become more self-reliant. 

If pressed - Funding to co-develop a new and more holistic long-term care strategy with First Nations and Inuit partners while supporting existing long-term care services

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $5.9 million to co-develop a new and more holistic long-term care strategy with First Nations and Inuit partners while supporting existing long-term care services.
• The purpose of this engagement process is to develop a holistic, culturally-responsive continuum of health, which is First Nation and Inuit led, to shape the delivery of health and social support and services adequately adapted to the reality faced by the individuals involved.

If pressed - Funding for emergency management on reserve

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $3.4 million for emergency management on reserve.
• Funding will enable Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) to fulfill its mandate to work with partners to improve emergency management for Indigenous communities.
• The Government of Canada has an important role to play in supporting on-reserve emergency management. Investment in disaster risk reduction is the core of what the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) aims to achieve and Canada is an official signatory of this Framework.

If pressed - Funding for Urban Programming for Indigenous Peoples service providers

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of  $1.8 million for Urban Programming for Indigenous Peoples service providers.
• The funding will allow for Indigenous Services Canada's (ISC) continued support to First Nations, Inuit and Métis living in or transitioning to urban centres. More specifically, it will extend previously approved projects and coalitions and invest in Research and Innovation.

If pressed - Funding for the removal of the 1951 cut-off which will eliminate sex-based inequities in Indian status registration

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $1.8 million. for the removal of the 1951 cut-off which will eliminate sex-based inequities in Indian status registration.
• This initiative is expected to achieve the following:
  • Registration of Eligible Individuals (funding for 49,500 applications over the next 3 years);
  • Continued engagement with First Nations; and
  • Monitor the impacts of S-3 on First Nations and their communities, and on other federal and  provincial programs and services.

If pressed - Funding to support the Inuit Child First Initiative

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $1.4 million to support the Inuit Child First Initiative.
• The funding will allow Inuit Child First Initiative to meet the fiscal year 2021-22 needs of children in order to support the continued growth.
• Inuit Child First Initiative is a new initiative, and growth continues as more needs are identified.

If pressed - Funding to end violence against Indigenous women and girls

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $0.8 million to end violence against Indigenous women and girls.
• The funding will support the continued day-to-day operations of a network of shelters that provide services for women and children living on reserve and in the Yukon.
• The ultimate outcome is to support activities that increase awareness of family violence and provide families and communities with: tools to address violence such as treatment and intervention; culturally sensitive services; awareness and self-development projects.

If pressed - Funding for disaster management preparation and response related to the FireSmart Program

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $0.8 million for disaster management preparation and response related to the FireSmart Program.
• The funding is intended to support First Nation communities for wildfire preparedness and mitigation activities.
• The activities to be supported through this funding, but are not limited to are:
  • Wildfire pre-suppression planning
  • Wildfire risk assessments
  • Fuel reduction, forest thinning, prescribed burning
  • Fire breaks
  • Wildland fire crew training
  • Vegetation management
  • Fire mapping
  • FireSmart training, workshops, conferences

If pressed - Funding to support the Innovative Solutions Canada Fund

• Supplementary Estimates (C) include a re-profile from 2020-21 of $0.2 million to support the Innovative Solutions Canada Fund.
• The re-profile is required to support the ongoing development of challenges and testing of prototypes into 2021-22 and to continue the support of Indigenous businesses through the Innovative Solutions Canada Program, a new program that helps Canadian innovators by funding research and development and testing prototypes in real-life settings.
• The outcome is to generate economic benefits while enhancing Canada's innovative and technological capabilities, and foster the creation and retention of skilled talent.

Background

The 2021-22 Supplementary Estimates (C) reflect a net increase of $749.3 million.

This includes approximatively:

• $648.6 million in new funding mainly for emergency response and recovery activities, continued implementation of Jordan's Principle, Indigenous trauma-informed health and cultural supports and medical transportation in Nunavut;
• $122.3 million of reprofile funding from last fiscal year; and
• $21.7 million decrease in net transfers to and from other departments.

The total authorities for 2021-22 will be $21.8 billion.

Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) – 2022-23 Main Estimates – March 2022

2022-23 Main Estimates – Key Messages

• For 2022-23, ISC's Main Estimates is $39.6 billion.
• A net increase of about $26.1 billion, or 193%, compared to last year's Main Estimates.
• In addition to the Main Estimates, ISC is also anticipating funding from the investments announced in Budget 2022.
• This additional funding is expected to be accessed through future Estimates process (i.e. Supplementary Estimates).
• Interim supply totaling $17.2 billion is expected by April 1, 2022.
• Full supply of the 2022-23 Main Estimates is expected in late June 2022.

Year-Over-Year Major Changes

The net increase in budgetary spending is approximately $26.1 billion or 193% over the 2021-22 Main Estimates. The major changes include:

• an increase of $22.0 billion for out-of-court settlements;
•  a net increase of $1.2 billion for infrastructure in Indigenous communities and improvements for access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities;
• an increase of $646.8 million for First Nations Child and Family Services, Canadian Human Rights Tribunal orders implementation and non-compliance motion settlement;
• a net increase of $536.7 million for non-insured health benefits for First Nations and Inuit;
• a net increase of $377.6 million for the continued implementation of Jordanʼs Principle and supporting the Inuit Child First Initiative;
• a net increase of $350.3 million for elementary and secondary education as well as post-secondary education programs, including COVID-19 funding;
• a net increase of $343.9 million related to the Income Assistance program;
• a net increase of approximately $256.4 million for Indigenous early learning and child care;
• an increase of $211.8 million for mental health and wellness;
• an increase of $132.8 million to improve health outcomes in Indigenous communities (Budget 2021);
• a decrease of $122.6 million due to the sunset of funding for supportive care in Indigenous communities (COVID-19); and
• a net increase of $138.0 million for a large number of initiatives with changes in the approved funding levels.

Expenditures by Category

Text alternative for the graph Expenditures by Category

Text description for chart

This pie chart shows the breakdown of expenditures by category for 2022–23 Main Estimates totaling $39,602 million. The breakdown is shown as follows: $14,779 million (37%) for transfer payments; $6 million (0%) for capital, $22,043 million (56%) for out-of-court settlements, $2,040 million (5%) for direct health services and benefits / federal teachers / statutory costs; $520 million (1%) for program management and delivery; $214 million (1%) for administrative overhead.

Based on this, 98% (37% + 5% + 56%) of resources are used to support or deliver services to Indigenous peoples.

Text description for table

The table shows the following:

The operating total of $24,817 million is comprised of $24,714 million in Vote 1 operating expenditures, $101 million in employee benefit plans (statutory) and $2 million in loan guarantees (statutory).

The transfer payment total of $14,779 million is comprised of $14,746 million in Vote 10 grants and contributions, $2 million in Indian annuities treaty payments (statutory) and $31 million in Canada Community-Building Fund (statutory).

The capital total is $6 million.

2022–23 Main Estimates – $39,602 million

• 98% of resources are used to support or deliver services to Indigenous peoples.
  • 37% through transfer payments to fund services delivered by First Nations community governments, Tribal Councils, health authority, etc.
    • Most funds are for basic provincial/municipal type services to individuals on reserve.
    • The federal government is committed to providing services on reserves comparable to those typically provided by the provinces.
    • Provincial standards guide program delivery leading to variability across regions.
    • Various funding mechanisms are used to allow for greater flexibility for the recipients, including the New Fiscal Relationship grant which commits funding over ten-year period.
  • 5% through operating to fund health-related goods and services not insured by provinces and territories or other private insurance plans. The department also employs nurses, health professionals and teachers to directly provide various health and education services.
  • 56% of operating funds are for out-of-court settlements.
• 2% of resources are used for program management and internal services.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

Expenditures by Departmental Results Framework
2022–23 Main Estimates – $39,602 million

(in millios of dollars)

Grant to support the new fiscal relationship (NFR) for First Nations under the Indian Act

• The NFR grant, implemented in 2019-20, is a funding mechanism intended to provide increased predictability and facilitate greater flexibility of First Nations to address local needs.
• In 2019-20, 85 First Nations received funding from the NFR grant, 110 in 2020-21 and up to 118 are eligible for 2021-22.
• In 2022-23, the Department is anticipating the recipients number to increase.

Expenditure Trend – Education

Text alternative for the chart Expenditure Trend – Education

This chart shows the breakdown of expenditures trend for education from 2013-14 to 2022-23.

Numerical values presented on the image:

	Actual Expenditures Millions of dollars (INAC before 2017-18, ISC and INAC for 2017-18, ISC from 2018-19 to 2020-21)								Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)	Forecast Spending Millions of dollars (ISC)	Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)
Fiscal Year	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2021-22	2022-23
"New Fiscal Relationship" Grant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	298	369	566		572
Self-Determined Services (Elementary and Secondary)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	140	269	285		N/A
Elementary and Secondary	1,435	1,447	1,465	1,787	1,897	1,964	2,003	1,949	1,766		2,421
Post-Secondary	341	342	340	359	402	410	385	494	346		431
Total	1,776	1,789	1,805	2,147	2,299	2,373	2,826	3,080	2,964	3,408	3,424

Source: 2013-14 to 2017-18 as per INAC Departmental Performance Reports/Departmental Results Reports, 2017-18 to 2020-21 as per ISC Departmental Results Reports. Expenditure trends for INAC are included in this chart for the period 2013-14 to 2017-18 in order to provide comparative figures for ISC.

• Overall, actual expenditures for education have increased by about 73% over the period 2013-14 to 2020-21.
• The major increase observed from 2015-16 to 2020-21 is primarily due to investments in First Nations elementary and secondary education provided by Budget 2016.
• The increase in 2020-21 is primarily due to COVID-19 measures, such as:
  • supporting students and youth, and
  • supporting a safe restart in Indigenous communities.
• The increase in 2021-22 Forecast Spending is primarily due to investments in Indigenous education provided by Budget 2021.
• In 2022-23, $572 million of funding is transferred from program contributions to the New Fiscal Relationship grant:
  • $428 million from Elementary and Secondary Education, and
  • $144 million from Post-Secondary Education.
• Self-Determined Services will no longer be existing as a program in 2022-23. Therefore, all existing funding transferred in Education program.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

Expenditure Trend – Social Development

Text alternative for the chart Expenditure Trend – Social Development

This chart shows the breakdown of expenditures trend for social development from 2013-14 to 2022-23. Numerical values presented on the image:

	Actual Expenditures Millions of dollars (INAC before 2017-18, ISC and INAC for 2017-18, ISC from 2018-19 to 2020-21)								Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)	Forecast Spending Millions of dollars (ISC)	Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)
Fiscal Year	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2021-22	2022-23
"New Fiscal Relationship" Grant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	145	177	360		364
Family Violence Prevention	33	32	37	38	42	43	45	67	68		105
Assisted Living	100	101	106	112	116	125	109	122	138		70
Income Assistance	874	910	904	924	973	1,030	983	1,219	811		1,150
Other*	51	38	39	39	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A		N/A
Total	1,056	1,081	1,086	1,113	1,132	1,198	1,282	1,585	1,376	1,784	1,689
* Starting in 2017-18, the National Child Benefit sub-program has been removed and replaced by the new Canada Child Benefit, which is managed through Canada Revenue Agency.

Source: 2013-14 to 2017-18 as per INAC Departmental Performance Reports/Departmental Results Reports, 2017-18 to 2020-21 as per ISC Departmental Results Reports. Expenditure trends for INAC are included in this chart for the period 2013-14 to 2017-18 in order to provide comparative figures for ISC. In 2013-14, Family Capacity Initiatives are included in the Child and Family Services and beginning in 2014-15, Family Capacity Initiatives are included in Income Assistance, pursuant to the revised Program Alignment Architecture.

• Overall, actual expenditures for social development have increased by approximately 50% over the period 2013-14 to 2020-21 (or by approximately 6% annually).
• The increase in 2020-21 is primarily due to COVID-19 measures, such as:
  • Income Assistance,
  • Family Violence Prevention Program.
• The increase in 2021-22 Forecast Spending is primarily due to Budget 2021 investments in income assistance, case management, and pre-employment supports to individuals and families living on reserve.
• In 2022-23, $364 million of funding is transferred from program contributions to the New Fiscal Relationship grant:
  • approximately $327 million from Income Assistance, and
  • $37 million from Assisted Living.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

Expenditure Trend – Child and Family Services

Text alternative for the chart Expenditure Trend – Child and Family Services

This chart shows the breakdown of expenditures trend for child and family services from 2013-14 to 2022-23. Numerical values presented on the image:

	Actual Expenditures Millions of dollars (INAC before 2017-18, ISC and INAC for 2017-18, ISC from 2018-19 to 2020-21)								Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)	Forecast Spending Millions of dollars (ISC)	Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)
Fiscal Year	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2021-22	2022-23
Child and Family Services	667	652	681	768	844	1,254	1,484	1,514	1,182		21,875
Implementation of the Act	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	7	98		120
Total	667	652	681	768	844	1,254	1,484	1,521	1,280	2,734	21,995

Source: 2013-14 to 2017-18 as per INAC Departmental Performance Reports/Departmental Results Reports, 2017-18 to 2020-21 as per ISC Departmental Results Reports. Expenditure trends for INAC are included in this chart for the period 2013-14 to 2017-18 in order to provide comparative figures for ISC. In 2013-14, Family Capacity Initiatives are included in the Child and Family Services and beginning in 2014-15, Family Capacity Initiatives are included in Income Assistance, pursuant to the revised Program Alignment Architecture.

• Overall, actual expenditures in 2020-21 for child and family services have more than doubled since 2013-14.
• The increase in expenditures since 2015-16 reflects urgent investments in the First Nations Child and Family Services Program.
• Additional funding is also provided starting 2020-21 to implement the Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families and the ongoing reform of Indigenous Child and Family Services program.
• The increase observed between 2020-21 and 2021-22 Forecast Spending is mainly due to supporting First Nations Child and Family Services, Canadian Human Rights Tribunal orders implementation and non-compliance motion settlement.
• The increase observed between 2021-22 Forecast Spending and 2022-23 is mainly due to support increasing program needs and advance Canada's overall commitment to reconciliation by paving the way for a more respectful and constructive relationship with Indigenous people.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

Expenditure Trend – Infrastructure (excluding Health Infrastructure)

Text alternative for the chart Expenditure Trend – Infrastructure (excluding Health Infrastructure)

This chart shows the breakdown of expenditures trend for Infrastructure (excluding Health Infrastructure) from 2013-14 to 2022-23. Numerical values presented on the image:

	Actual Expenditures Millions of dollars (INAC before 2017-18, ISC and INAC for 2017-18, ISC from 2018-19 to 2020-21)								Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)	Forecast Spending Millions of dollars (ISC)	Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)
Fiscal Year	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2021-22	2022-23
"New Fiscal Relationship" Grant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	74	96	271		274
Water and Wastewater	295	329	367	462	673	664	648	794	1,228		3,146
Other Community Infrastructure and Activities	383	435	426	615	663	517	478	492	497		938
Education Facilities	214	263	249	286	385	456	474	365	168		395
Housing	143	129	136	410	335	359	371	371	139		351
Total	1,035	1,155	1,176	1,773	2,048	2,006	2,045	2,118	2,303	3,005	5,104

Source: 2013-14 to 2017-18 as per INAC Departmental Performance Reports/Departmental Results Reports, 2017-18 to 2020-21 as per ISC Departmental Results Reports. Expenditure trends for INAC are included in this chart for the period 2013-14 to 2017-18 in order to provide comparative figures for ISC

• The increase observed from 2015-16 to 2019-20 primarily reflects significant investments provided by Budget 2016, Budget 2017 and Budget 2018 across all Infrastructure asset categories.
• The increase in 2020-21 primarily due to funding to improve access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities; as well as COVID-19 measures.
• The increase in 2021-22 Forecast Spending is primarily due to investments in Indigenous infrastructure provided by Budget 2021.
• The increase observed between 2021-22 Forecast Spending and 2022-23 is primarily due to funding for out-of-court settlements.
• In 2022-23, $274 million of funding is transferred from program contribution to the New Fiscal Relationship grant:
  • $41 million from Housing,
  • $49 million from Education Facilities,
  • $127 million from Other Community Infrastructure and Activities, and
  • $57 million from Water and Wastewater.

Please refer to the Annex A to have a view of the total Infrastructure including Health Infrastructure.

Figures may not add due to rounding

Expenditure Trend – First Nations and Inuit Health

Text alternative for the chart Expenditure Trend – First Nations and Inuit Health

This chart shows the breakdown of expenditures trend for First Nations and Inuit Health from 2013-14 to 2022-23. Numerical values presented on the image:

	Actual Expenditures Millions of dollars (INAC before 2017-18, ISC and INAC for 2017-18, ISC from 2018-19 to 2020-21)								Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)	Forecast Spending Millions of dollars (ISC)	Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)
Fiscal Year	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2021-22	2022-23
"New Fiscal Relationship" Grant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	58	74	196		198
Health Infrastructure Support	525	640	672	782	841	877	885	1,127	879		1,132
Supplementary Health Benefits	1,071	1,076	1,139	1,252	1,359	1,442	1,572	1,550	1,588		2,123
Primary Health Care	927	871	888	941	1,147	1,561	1,757	2,403	1,731		2,416
Total	2,523	2,587	2,699	2,974	3,346	3,880	4,272	5,154	4,394	6,297	5,869

Source: 2013-14 to 2017-18 as per Health Canada Departmental Performance Reports/Departmental Results Reports, 2017-18 to 2020-21 as per ISC Departmental Results Reports. Expenditure trends for Health Canada are included in this chart for the period 2013-14 to 2017-18 in order to provide comparative figures for ISC.

• Expenditures increase observed from 2015-16 to 2019-20 primarily reflects significant investments provided by Budget 2016, Budget 2017 and Budget 2018 on Social Infrastructure, Non-Insured Health Benefits as well as increased spending on Nursing, Mental wellness and Jordan's Principle.
• The increase in 2020-21 is mainly due to COVID-19 measures, such as:
  • public health measures in Indigenous communities,
  • Indigenous mental wellness, and
  • supporting a safe restart in Indigenous communities.
• The increase in 2021-22 Forecast Spending is primarily due to Budget 2021 investments in Indigenous health activities, such as:
  • continuation of public health responses in Indigenous communities (COVID-19);
  • mental health and wellness; and
  • health outcomes in Indigenous communities.
• In 2022-23, $198 million of funding is transferred from program contribution to the New Fiscal Relationship grant:
  • $149 million from Primary Health Care, and
  • $49 million from Health Infrastructure Support.

Please refer to the Annex A to have a view of the total Infrastructure including Other Infrastructure

Figures may not add due to rounding

Expenditure Trend – Other Programs and Services

Text alternative for the chart Expenditure Trend – Other Programs and Services

This chart shows the breakdown of expenditures trend for other programs from 2013-14 to 2022-23. Numerical values presented on the image:

	Actual Expenditures Millions of dollars (INAC before 2017-18, ISC and INAC for 2017-18, ISC from 2018-19 to 2020-21)								Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)	Forecast Spending Millions of dollars (ISC)	Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)
Fiscal Year	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2021-22	2022-23
New Fiscal Relationship (Operating and Contributions)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	3	6	6		14
"New Fiscal Relationship" Grant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	61	74	160		161
Land and Economic Development Related Programs	278	295	372	376	487	480	423	837	345		519
Indigenous Governance and Capacity	443	407	406	416	458	512	413	411	293		309
Emergency Management Assistance	80	108	115	118	140	165	241	790	102		105
Individual Affairs	34	32	34	38	40	47	42	48	42		40
Urban Programming for Indigenous Peoples	52	50	50	49	53	53	53	469	73		157
Total	886	892	977	998	1,178	1,257	1,254	2,634	1,020	2,802	1,305

Source: 2013-14 to 2019-20 figures are based on restatement of expenditures reported in INAC, CIRNAC and ISC Departmental Performance Reports/Departmental Results Reports. Expenditure trends for INAC and CIRNAC are included in this chart in order to provide comparative figures for ISC.

• The increase in 2020-21 and 2021-22 Forecast Spending is mainly due to COVID-19 measures, such as:
  • Indigenous Community Support Fund,
  • supporting Indigenous businesses,
  • supportive care in Indigenous communities,
  • supporting Indigenous mental wellness,
  • urban and regional Indigenous organizations; and
  • Indigenous communities affected by disruptions to their revenues which are necessary to support programs and services.
• The decrease in 2022-23 is primarily due to a reduction in funding for COVID-19 measures.
• In 2022-23, $161 million of funding is transferred from program contribution to the New Fiscal Relationship grant:
  • $132 million from Indigenous Governance and Capacity,
  • $26 million from Lands and Economic Development Programs, and
  • $3 million from Individual Affairs.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

Annex A - Expenditure Trend – Infrastructure (including Health Infrastructure)

Text alternative for the chart Expenditure Trend – Infrastructure (including Health Infrastructure)

This chart shows the breakdown of expenditures trend for Infrastructure (including Health Infrastructure) from 2013-14 to 2022-23. This chart provides an illustration of all Infrastructure that ISC delivers. Numerical values presented on the image:

	Actual Expenditures Millions of dollars (INAC before 2017-18, ISC and INAC for 2017-18, ISC from 2018-19 to 2020-21)								Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)	Forecast Spending Millions of dollars (ISC)	Main Estimates Millions of dollars (ISC)
Fiscal Year	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2021-22	2022-23
New Fiscal Relationship Grant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	77	100	285		288
e-Health Infrostructure	32	22	31	27	28	26	29	49	28		28
Health Facilities	104	80	90	168	198	173	156	336	123		286
Water and Wastewater	295	329	367	462	664	673	648	749	1,228		3,146
Other Community Infrastructure and Activities	383	435	423	615	663	517	478	492	497		938
Education Facilities	214	263	249	286	385	456	474	365	168		395
Housing	143	129	136	410	335	359	371	371	139		351
Total	1,171	1,257	1,296	1,968	2,274	2,205	2,233	2,507	2,468	3,293	5,432

Main Estimates 2022-23 - ISC

• Our Government is committed to building a renewed relationship with Indigenous Peoples, based on the recognition of rights, respect, co-operation, and partnership.
• ISC's 2022-23 Main Estimates is $39.6 billion, which will allow the Department to deliver on the following key priority areas:
  • advancing health and managing the pandemic;
  • supporting families;
  • improved education and skills;
  • economic recovery and sustainable communities; and
  • service transfer and Indigenous self-determination.
• ISC continues to works collaboratively with partners to improve access to high quality services for First Nations, Inuit and Métis.

If pressed on major changes

• Compared to last year's Main Estimates, the 2022-23 Main Estimates reflects a net increase of $26.1 billion, or 193%. Some of major changes are:
  • an increase of $22.0 billion for out-of-court settlements;     
  • a net increase of $1.2 billion for infrastructure in Indigenous communities and improvements for access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities; and
  • an increase of $646.8 million for First Nations Child and Family Services, continued implementation of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal's orders.

If pressed on the increase of out-of-court settlements

• The funding for out-of-court settlements will be used to advance Canada's overall commitment to reconciliation by paving the way for a more respectful and constructive relationship with Indigenous Peoples.
• The Federal Government is committed to resolving legal challenges through respectful discussions and mediation. We are in active discussions related to various legal challenges, and resources are set aside should it be required to advance a resolution.
• The details of out-of-court settlements cannot be discussed at this time due to litigation confidentiality.

If pressed on the net increase for Infrastructure in Indigenous communities

• The investment is intended to support infrastructure projects for Indigenous communities in order to address aging, inadequate and lacking critical infrastructure in Indigenous communities.  
• This funding will contribute to the Government's commitment to close the gap in critical infrastructure by 2030.

If pressed on the increase for First Nations Child and Family Services

• Funding for First Nations Child and Family Services will ensure that Canada meets its legal obligation to continue implementing the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal's orders pertaining to the First Nations Child and Family Services Program and will support ongoing program delivery.
• The objective is to reduce the number of First Nations children in care, keep children connected to their families, communities and cultures and ensure that First Nations children have access to the services they need, when they need them.

If pressed on the net increase for non-insured health benefits for First Nations and Inuit

• The funding for non-insured health benefits for First Nations and Inuit is to continue providing supplementary health benefits without interruption or reduced coverage, to provide coverage for the Shingrix vaccine and to increase the co-payment related to the medical air travel costs in Nunavut.
• We are committed to pursuing our ongoing efforts to diminish the substantial health disparities faced by many First Nation and Inuit individuals.

If pressed on the net increase for Jordan's Principle and the Inuit Child First Initiative

• The Department is committed to continuing implementation of Jordan's Principle and to support the development and implementation of an Inuit-specific approach.
• Funding will ensure First Nations and Inuit children have access to the health, education, and social products, services and supports they need, when and where they need them under Jordan's Principle and the Inuit-specific child-first approach.

If pressed on the net increase in Education

• Education is crucial to closing the socio-economic gap between Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous Peoples.
• Our co-developed funding approach for First Nations elementary and secondary education provides provincially comparable funding for on-reserve students, with additional funding for language and cultural programming.
• With regard to Indigenous post-secondary education, we will continue to implement co-developed, distinctions-based education strategies for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Nation students.
• We are committed to supporting Indigenous education and ensuring the continuity of programming and services for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Nation students.

If pressed on the net increase for income assistance

• Investments is intended to support the ongoing delivery of the Income Assistance Program.
• The funding is intended to continue to provide financial assistance to low-income on reserve residents to support their essential and special needs, at standards reasonably comparable to the relevant province of residence or Yukon, and to help them become more self-reliant. 
• It also allows the Department to continue to provide case management and pre-employment supports to individuals and families living on reserve.

If pressed on the net increase for Indigenous early learning and child care

• The funding for Indigenous early learning and child care is to implement the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care elements of the Canada-wide Early Learning and Child Care System.
• Early learning and child care services are critical to providing a solid foundation for children's future success. This is particularly true for Indigenous children, whose access to culturally appropriate, high quality, fully inclusive, flexible and affordable early learning and child care supports a strong sense of identity and establishes a foundation for health and wellness, and contributes to future success.

If pressed on the increase for mental health and wellness

• The investment is to support the renewal of trauma-informed health and cultural supports, and distinctions-based mental health and wellness strategies that support First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.
• Funding will support the continuity of mental wellness services in Indigenous communities and advance work to implement distinctions-based approaches.

If pressed on the increase to improve health outcomes in Indigenous communities (Budget 2021)

• The funding is intended to improve health outcomes in Indigenous communities.
• This initiative seeks to:
  • stabilize existing environmental public health services on reserve;
  • support First Nations and Inuit to identify, assess and/or adapt to the health impacts of climate change;
  • increase access to and quality of primary care in remote and isolated First Nations communities; and
  • continue efforts toward self-determination and transformation on how health care services are designed and delivered by First Nations communities.

If pressed on the decrease for supportive care in Indigenous communities

• The decrease is due to the sunset of funding which was intended to support the immediate COVID-19 needs for supportive care services.
• The funding helped ensure Indigenous seniors and Indigenous Peoples at risk had the care and support to remain safely at home by addressing gaps in supportive care in the context of COVID-19.
• The funding also ensured that resource pressures, due to the pandemic in supportive care facilities on reserve, did not create additional challenges for Indigenous Peoples at risk.

Background

The 2022-23 Main Estimates for ISC is $39.6 billion. It reflects a net increase of $26.1 billion, or 193%, compared to last year's Main Estimates. The major changes include:

• an increase of $22.0 billion for out-of-court settlements;
• a net increase of $1.2 billion for infrastructure in Indigenous communities and improvements for access to safe, clean drinking water in First Nation communities;
• an increase of $646.8 million for First Nations Child and Family Services, Canadian Human Rights Tribunal orders implementation and non-compliance motion settlement;
• a net increase of $536.7 million for non-insured health benefits for First Nations and Inuit;
• a net increase of $377.6 million for the continued implementation of Jordanʼs Principle and supporting the Inuit Child First Initiative;
• a net increase of $350.3 million for elementary and secondary education as well as post-secondary education programs, including COVID-19 funding;
• a net increase of $343.9 million related to the Income Assistance program;
• a net increase of approximately $256.4 million for Indigenous early learning and child care;  
• an increase of $211.8 million for mental health and wellness;
• an increase of $132.8 million to improve health outcomes in Indigenous communities (Budget 2021);
• a decrease of $122.6 million due to the sunset of funding for supportive care in Indigenous communities (COVID-19); and  
• a net increase of $138.0 million for a large number of initiatives with changes in the approved funding levels.

The Hon. Marc Garneau, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount, QC INAN Chair

Biographical Information

Born in Quebec City, Quebec, the Honourable Marc Garneau was first elected to the House of Commons in 2008, and re-elected in 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2021.

Mr. Garneau graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada in 1970 with a Bachelor of Science in engineering physics and began his career in the Canadian Forces Maritime Command. In 1973 he received a PhD in electrical engineering from the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England.

From 1982 to 1983, he attended the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College in Toronto. While there, he was promoted to the rank of commander and was subsequently promoted to captain(N). Mr. Garneau retired from the Canadian Forces in 1989.

Mr. Garneau was also one of the first six Canadian Astronauts and he became the first Canadian in outer space in October 1984. In February 2001, he was appointed executive vice-president of the Canadian Space Agency and became its president in November 2001.

Mr. Garneau was Minister of Transport from 2015-2021 and Minister of Foreign Affairs January-October 2021 . Mr. Garneau is currently not in Cabinet.

Jamie Schmale, Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock, ON
Critic for Indigenous Services; Vice-Chair INAN

Biographical Information

Born in Brampton, ON, Jamie Schmale was elected to the House of Commons for the first time in 2015, and re-elected in 2019 and 2021.

Prior to his election, Mr. Schmale served as the executive assistant and campaign manager for former Conservative MP Barry Devolin (Haliburton-Kawartha Lakes-Brock, Ontario). He graduated from the Radio Broadcasting program at Loyalist College in Ontario and started his career as a news anchor. He later became a news director for CHUM media.

Mr. Schmale was the critic for Crown-Indigenous Relations in the 43rd Parliament. In the 42nd Parliament, Mr. Schmale served as the opposition critic for Northern Economic Development, and Deputy Critic for Natural Resources. He was a member of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs (2015-2017) and the Standing Committee on Natural Resources (2017-2019).

Currently, Mr. Schmale serves as the critic for Indigenous Services.

Marilène Gill, Manicouagan, QC Critic Indigenous and Northern Affairs; Vice-Chair INAN

Biographical Information

Born in Sorel, QC, Marilène Gill was first elected to the House of Commons in 2015, and was re-elected in 2019 and 2021.

Prior to her election, Mrs. Gill was teaching at the college level and pursuing doctoral studies in literature. Her background also includes roles as a unionist, development officer, coordinator of the Table de concertation en condition feminine de la Côte-Nord. She is also involved in the Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec (CALQ). She has also acted as literary director for Éditions Trois-Pistoles, and has published personal works there for which she has received several awards and grants. Mrs. Gill was also political attaché to Michel Guimond, former member and chief whip of the Bloc Québécois.

Mrs. Gill is deputy whip, chair of the Young Families Caucus and critic for Indigenous and Northern Affairs for the Bloc Québécois.

Jenica Atwin, Fredericton, NB

Biographical Information

Jenica Atwin grew up in Oromocto, NB. She was first elected to the House of Commons in 2019 as a Member of the Green Party before joining the Liberal Party in June 2021.

Mrs. Atwin completed a Master's in Education at the University of New Brunswick.

Prior to being elected, she was an education consultant and researcher at a First Nations Education Centre. In 2016, she co-organized a spin-off of We Day focused on introducing First Nations youth to one another and helping those who have recently moved off of reserves.

She is a new member of INAN. She previously served on the COVID-19 Pandemic Committee.

Jaime Battiste, Sydney—Victoria, NS Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations

Biographical Information

Born on the Eskasoni First Nation, NS, Jaime Battiste was elected to the House of Commons in 2019 and re-elected in 2021. He is the first Mi'kmaw Member of Parliament in Canada.

Mr. Battiste graduated from Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University in 2004. He has held positions as a Professor, Senior Advisor, Citizenship Coordinator, and as a Regional Chief for the Assembly of First Nations.

Mr. Battiste's volunteer work over the years involves athletics, youth advocacy, community events, and advocacy for the Mi'kmaq Nation. He is a member of the Aboriginal Sport Circle and a part owner of the Eskasoni Junior B Eagles.

Mr. Battiste served as a representative to the Assembly of First Nation's National Youth Council from 2001-2006. In 2005, the National Aboriginal Healing Organization named him as one of the "National Aboriginal Role Models in Canada." In 2006, as the Chair of the Assembly of First Nations Youth Council, he was one of the founding members of the Mi'kmaw Maliseet Atlantic Youth Council (MMAYC), an organization that represents and advocates for Mi'kmaw and Maliseet youth within the Atlantic region. In 2018, Mr. Battiste was recognized with the Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers, which is a Canadian decoration to honour volunteers who have made significant and continual contributions to their community.

Mr. Battiste was named Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations in December 2021.

He has been a member of INAN since February 2020 and has previously been a member of the Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans.

Michael V. Mcleod, Northwest Territories, NWT

Biographical Information

Born in Fort Providence, NWT, Michael Mcleod was first elected to the House of Commons in 2015 and re-elected in 2019 and 2021.

Prior to entering federal politics, Mr. McLeod served Northwest Territories residents as a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1999-2011 and advised clients in the tourism industry as Tourism Development Officer for the Government of the Northwest Territories. He also previously served as mayor of Fort Providence, president of his Métis Local, and vice-president of Deh Cho Regional Council.

Mr. McLeod earned a diploma in Management Studies from Arctic College and began his career as a self-employed contractor. He has been a member of the Northwest Territories Tourism, NWT Public Utilities, and Mackenzie Valley Environment Impact Review Boards. The latter's mission, conducting fair and timely environmental assessments, remains a key interest.

Mr. McLeod was previously a member of INAN 2016-2017 and has served as a member of the Standing Committee on Finance and as Chair of the Arctic and Northern Caucus.

Marcus Powlowski, Thunder Bay—Rainy River, ON

Biographical Information

Born in Fort William, ON, Marcus Powlowski was first elected to the House of Commons in 2019 and re-elected in 2021.

Prior to being elected, Mr. Powlowski served as a physician in the Emergency Room at Thunder Bay Regional Health Science Centre. In addition to being a medical doctor, he has two law degrees - LL.B, LL.M from the universities of Toronto and Georgetown, respectively. He also attended Harvard University and obtained a Masters of Public Health in Health Law and Policy.

Mr. Powlowski worked as a doctor for two years in northern First Nations communities, and for seven years practicing medicine in several developing countries in Africa and Oceania. For several years, he worked as a consultant in health legislation for the World Health Organization. He also volunteered on a medical project in Ethiopia.

Mr. Powlowski has been a member of INAN since February 2020 and has also sat on the COVID-19 Pandemic Committee and the Standing Committee on Health.

Patrick Weiler, West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country, BC

Biographical Information

Born in West Vancouver, BC, Patrick Weiler was first elected to Parliament in 2019 and re-elected in 2021.

Prior to his election, Mr. Weiler was an advocate for safeguarding the environment as an environmental and natural resource management lawyer, representing First Nations, small businesses, municipalities, and non-profit organizations in Canada and internationally. Mr. Weiler has also worked in partnership with the United Nations and international development agencies, with a mission to improve the governance of natural resources and management of aquatic ecosystems.

Mr. Weiler completed a Bachelor of Arts at McGill University and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Law.

Mr. Weiler served on the Standing Committee on Natural Resources, the Standing Committee on Government Operations and Estimates, and the bi-partisan Climate Caucus and Tourism Caucus.

Martin Shields, Bow River, AB Deputy Critic Minister for Indigenous Services

Biographical Information

Born in Lethbridge, AB, Martin Shields was first elected to the House of Commons in 2015, and reelected in 2019 and 2021.

Prior to his election to the House of Commons, Mr. Shields served as a teacher and administrator for 30 years and a part-time university instructor for 20 years. He has served as Mayor and Councilor of the City of Brooks, Board member and vice chair of the Palliser Regional Health Board, Shortgrass Regional Library, Alberta Provincial Library Trustees Association, Bow River Basin Council, as well as a Director and Vice President of the Alberta Urban Municipalities Association.

He has previously served as the Director of Strathmore-Brooks Alberta Conservative Constituency Association and is a past President of the Medicine Hat Federal Conservative Constituency Association.

He has served on several committees, including the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development, Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage, and the Standing Committee on the Status of Women. He also served as vice chair of the CPC-Alberta MP Caucus.

Mr. Shields is currently the CPC deputy critic for Indigenous Services.

Shannon Stubbs, Lakeland, AB

Biographical Information

Born in Chipman, AB, Shannon Stubbs was first elected to Parliament in 2015, and re-elected in 2019 and 2021.

Prior to her election, she worked for several years in the Oil Sands Business Unit in the Alberta Department of Energy and in the International Offices and Trade Division of Alberta Economic Development. She was then a Senior Consultant with Hill + Knowlton Canada where she advocated for clients across the health and pharmaceutical, oil and gas, not for profit and charity, and education sectors. She also contributed to a successful initiative for the expansion of energy trades and technology education and apprenticeship training with Government and Community Relations at SAIT Polytechnic.

Mrs. Stubbs is a new member of INAN. She previously served as the Critic for Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, and as Critic for Natural Resources. She was the Vice Chair of the Standing Committees on Public Safety and National Security, Natural Resources, and the Special Select Standing Committee for Pay Equity.

Gary Vidal, Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River, SK Critic for Crown-Indigenous Relations

Biographical Information

Born in Meadow Lake, SK, Gary Vidal was elected to the House of Commons for the first time in 2019 and re-elected in 2021.

Prior to his election, Mr. Vidal served as Mayor of Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan from 2011 to 2019. He studied at the University of Saskatchewan and Briercrest Bible College. He is a Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA, CGA) and is a partner in the accounting firm Pliska Vidal & Co. since 1988. He was also Vice Chair of Saskatchewan City Mayors' Caucus from 2016 to 2018. He was a member of the SaskWater Board of Directors from 2008 to 2017. In this position, he also served as Chair of the Governance and Corporate Responsibility Committee, Chair of the Audit and Finance Committee, and Chair of the Board from 2015 to 2017.

Mr. Vidal has volunteered in a variety of leadership capacities in his local church as well as on the board of Bethel Gospel Camp, an interdenominational children's bible camp. Other volunteer activities include coaching and managing minor hockey, baseball, and soccer teams. In 2012, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.

Mr. Vidal previously served as the critic for Indigenous Services, and is currently the critic for Crown-Indigenous Relations. He has been a member of INAN since February 2020 and also sat on the Special Committee on the COVID-19 Pandemic during the last Parliament (2019-2021).

Lori Idlout, Nunavut, NV Critic – Northern Affairs; Critic – Indigenous Services; Critic – Crown-Indigenous Relations

Biographical Information

Born in Igloolik, NU, Lori Idlout was first elected to the House of Commons in 2021.

Prior to her election Ms. Idlout practiced law in Iqaluit with her own firm, Qusugaq Law. She represented the group protesting against the Baffinland Iron Mine's expansion, as well as serving as the technical adviser for the Ikajutit Hunters and Trappers Organization during a public hearing on the issue. Between 2004 and 2011, Ms. Idlout served as the executive director of the Nunavut Embrace Life Council, a not-for-profit organization committed to suicide prevention. She had previously worked for Nunavut's Department of Health and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated as a policy analyst, and was the founder of Coalition of Nunavut DEAs as a director of the Iqaluit District Education Authority in order to advocate for educational services.

Ms. Idlout received a bachelor's degree in psychology from Lakehead University in 1997, and a doctorate in law from the University of Ottawa (2018).

She is a new member of INAN and the NDP critic for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs, and Indigenous Services.