Appearance before the Standing Committee on Public Accounts of Canada: Auditor General Report 3 on Access to Safe Drinking Water in First Nation Communities. Indigenous Services Canada. April 29, 2021

Logistics

Date: Thursday, April 29, 2021
Time: 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Location: Videoconference (Zoom)
Subject: OAG Report 3: Safe Drinking Water in First Nation Communities

Appearing from Indigenous Services Canada

1. Christiane Fox, Deputy Minister
2. Joanne Wilkinson, Senior Assistant Deputy Minister, Regional Operations
3. Chad Westmacott, Director General, Community Infrastructure Branch
4. Jennifer Esdaile, Director, Strategic Water Management

Appearing from the Office of the Auditor General of Canada

1. Karen Hogan, Auditor General of Canada
2. Glenn Wheeler, Principal

Context

At this meeting, the Committee will discuss Report 3: Safe Drinking Water in First Nation Communities. The two hour meeting will include witnesses from Indigenous Services Canada and from the Office of the Auditor General of Canada. Five minutes of opening remarks will be first by the Auditor General and then ISC.

Background

The Standing Committee on Public Accounts is chaired by the Opposition. Government policy, and the extent to which policy objectives are achieved, are generally not examined by the Public Accounts Committee. Instead, the Committee focuses on government administration – the economy and efficiency of program delivery as well as the adherence to government policies, directives and standards. The Committee seeks to hold the government to account for effective public administration and due regard for public funds.

On March 11th, the Committee studied the Reports tabled on February 25th, which included Report 3: Safe Drinking Water in First Nation Communities. During Ms. Hogan's opening speech, she indicated that the Government did not meet its commitment to remove all long-term drinking water advisories in First Nation communities. She said interim measures that were used did not address underlying deficiencies. She said ISC had an outdated policy and formula for funding the operation and maintenance of the water systems. She said a lasting solution must be reached in partnership with First Nations.

Numerous questions were raised on the funding needed to build and maintain water systems, retention and training, jobs, outstanding drinking water advisories, the funding formula, and questions about the need for a regulatory regime.

The Transcript of the March 11th meeting and link to watch the archived video are available at: PACP COMMITTEE MEETING

The Auditor General of Canada and the Principle for her office appeared before the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples on April 19, 2021 on the same topic. Ms. Hogan pointed out that there is no regulatory regime in place to address drinking water in First Nation communities, and ISC has been constrained with an outdated funding formula. She said ISC should work in partnership with First Nation communities to develop and implement lasting solutions, which is a key component of reconciliation. Senators asked about the funding gap in Indigenous communities, the feasibility of developing a new legislative framework, what should be considered when developing a regulatory regime, and the impact of resource extraction on drinking water.

Committee members and Indigenous issues

Greg Fergus [Lib]. Frequently asks questions or raises concern over Indigenous issues, including those related to racism. During the March 11th PACP meeting, Mr. Fergus asked: "Is there a direct correlation between these new [water] advisories and the outdated funding formula that is used for indigenous communities? What will it take for the government to update its formula?"

At that same meeting, Mr. Fergus asked: "Just like Mr. Webber, I find the drinking water advisories in Indigenous communities concerning. Could you please tell us how many advisories on drinking water quality were posted when the government committed to solving the problem? Have any new water quality advisories been added to the list?"

Lloyd Longfield [Lib]. Mr. Longfield has spoken to water advisories, including asking a friendly question of the Minister of Indigenous Services to speak to outcomes and next steps related to improving water infrastructure. (Question Period, October 8, 2020)

Kody Blois [Lib]. During the March 11th PACP meeting, Mr. Blois asked about water advisories. In the House, he has frequently raised the lobster fishery dispute in Nova Scotia, which was centered in his riding of Kings-Hants.

Len Webber [CPC]. During the PACP March 11th meeting, Mr. Webber asked: "We know that we want to promote careers on reserve and we strongly encourage and welcome Indigenous operators. Do any of their reserves restrict these water supply jobs to Indigenous or band workers only? If so, has this created any continuity issues in operations of the plant? Is it a factor in finding qualified people to fill these positions?"

Meeting Proceedings

The meeting is scheduled from 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. via the web platform Zoom.

All witnesses will be asked to connect to the meeting at 10:30 a.m. The Zoom link will be sent directly from the House of Commons to the witnesses.

The Chair will open the meeting and provide instructions for the meeting proceedings. He will then introduce the witnesses. It is recommended to speak slowly and at an appropriate level to ensure the interpreters can hear you. All witnesses are requested to mute your microphone when you are not speaking.

While simultaneous translation will be available, witnesses are asked to respond to questions in either English or French, but to limit switching back and forth between languages as this often creates technology/interpretation challenges.

Following the opening remarks, there will be rounds of questions from Committee members (as listed below).

Committee members will pose their questions in the following order:

• First round (6 minutes for each Party)
  • Conservative Party of Canada
  • Liberal Party of Canada
  • Bloc Québécois
  • New Democratic Party of Canada
• Second and subsequent rounds, the order and time for questioning be as follows
  • Conservative Party of Canada (5 minutes)
  • Liberal Party of Canada (5 minutes)
  • Bloc Québécois (2.5 minutes)
  • New Democratic Party of Canada (2.5 minutes)
  • Conservative Party of Canada (5 minutes)
  • Liberal Party of Canada (5 minutes)

The meeting can be watched via Parlvu, however there is a 70-second delay: Welcome to ParlVU.

Teleconference access may be possible and will be confirmed with support staff closer to the appearance date.

Speaking notes for Christiane Fox deputy minister of Indigenous Services Canada for an appearance before the House of Commons Standing Committee on Public Account on the office of the auditor general of Canada Report 3 – Access to Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities

Ottawa, ON
April 29, 2021

Kwe, good afternoon, bonjour.

I would like to acknowledge before I begin that I am located on the unceded traditional territory of the Algonquin people.

The Government of Canada has made it a top priority to ensure that all First Nation communities have access to safe, clean and reliable drinking water.

The Department has welcomed the Office of the Auditor General of Canada's report on the issue of safe drinking water in First Nation communities, which includes five recommendations, each of which align with actions the Government is taking to ensure every First Nation community has access to clean water. 

Let me begin by noting that the impact of COVID-19 in the past year cannot be understated.

The pandemic has delayed the completion of infrastructure projects across the country, including projects aimed at addressing long-term drinking water advisories. The health and wellbeing of First Nation community members remains our top priority.

First Nations are leading the response to protect their communities from COVID-19. In some cases, this has had an effect on getting equipment and resources into communities, especially in remote and northern areas.

With the combined investments made as part of Budget 2019 and the $1.5 billion in additional funding announced by the Minister in December 2020, by 2025, Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) will have increased the annual funding it provides First Nations to support the operations and maintenance of water and wastewater systems on a permanent basis by almost four times.

The increase in operations and maintenance funding has already started flowing directly to First Nations, with 2020-2021 operations and maintenance top-ups having been provided.

In addition, Budget 2021 committed $4.3 billion over four years to support infrastructure projects in First Nations, Inuit and métis Nation communities, and $1.7 billion over five years, with $388.9 million ongoing, to cover the cost of operations and maintenance costs of community infrastructure in First Nations communities on reserve.

Working with Indigenous partners, these investments will make significant strides in closing gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples, support healthy, safe, and prosperous Indigenous communities, and will advance meaningful reconciliation with First Nations, Inuit, and the métis Nation. These investments will support continued action on infrastructure and clean water.

The long-term drinking water advisory commitment was made to address drinking water issues and concerns on reserve. Partnering with First Nations, the Government has collectively taken a number of important actions that have improved drinking water on reserve.

In November 2015, there were 105 long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserves across the country. Since then, 58 long-term drinking water advisories were added and First Nations, with support from Indigenous Services Canada, have lifted 106 long-term drinking water advisories. In addition, 179 short-term drinking water advisories at risk of becoming long-term have been lifted, ensuring clean drinking water to First Nations. Initiatives are well underway to address each of the 52 long-term drinking water advisories that remain in effect in 33 communities. Long-term solutions are underway in all cases where interim measures were put in place to provide communities with clean drinking water as soon as possible.

The Department also continues to support the First Nations-led engagement process for the development of a long-term strategy to ensure drinking water systems are sustainable.

Indigenous Services Canada will continue to work to ensure that funding is available to commit towards these important water projects and address the long-term needs of communities.

In alignment with the Office of the Auditor General's recommendations, the Government will continue to work with First Nations to conduct performance inspections of water systems annually, and asset condition assessments every three years, to identify deficiencies.

Still, we realize more work needs to be done, and the Government values input from the Office of the Auditor General and other observers. The Department will continue to work in concert with First Nations partners to improve water infrastructure on reserves and support access to safe, clean and reliable drinking water.

In closing, the Government of Canada's commitment to clean drinking water is about building a sustainable foundation, that ensures that First Nations communities have access to safe drinking water  ̶  now and in the future.

Meegwetch. Nakummek. Marci. Thank you. Merci.

If pressed on key findings of the report

• According to the report, the Department was not on track to meet its target to remove all long-term drinking water advisories on public water systems on reserves by March 31, 2021.
• Although interim measures provided affected communities with temporary access to safe drinking water, some long-term solutions were not expected to be completed for several years.
• ISC's efforts have been constrained by a number of issues, including an outdated policy and formula for funding the operation and maintenance of water infrastructure.
• No regulatory regime was in place for managing drinking water in First Nation communities. ISC was working with First Nations to develop a new legislative framework with the goal of supporting the development of a regulatory regime. Such a regime would provide First Nation communities with drinking water protections comparable with other communities in Canada.
• Implementing sustainable solutions requires continued partnership between the department and First Nations. Until these solutions are implemented, First Nation communities will continue to experience challenges in accessing safe drinking water—a basic human necessity..

If pressed on recommendations of the report

• ISC should work with First Nation communities to strengthen efforts to eliminate all long‑term drinking water advisories and prevent new ones from occurring.
• ISC should work with First Nation communities to implement long-term solutions to ensure that water systems provide ongoing access to safe drinking water.
• ISC should work with First Nations to proactively identify and address underlying deficiencies in water systems to prevent recurring advisories.
• ISC, in consultation with First Nations, should make it a priority to identify the amount of funding needed by First Nations to operate and maintain drinking water infrastructure, and amend the existing policy and funding formula to provide First Nations with sufficient funding to operate and maintain drinking water infrastructure.
• ISC, in consultation with First Nations, should develop and implement a regulatory regime for safe drinking water in First Nation communities.

If pressed on Department's responses

• The Government of Canada recognizes the importance of operations and maintenance in ensuring First Nation communities have sustainable infrastructure. As part of Budget 2019, the Government of Canada invested $605.6 million over four years, with $184.9 million per year ongoing, to support the operations and maintenance of First Nations' community water and wastewater assets.
• On December 2, 2020, an additional $1.5 billion was announced, which includes $616.3 million over six years, and $114.1 million ongoing, to increase the support provided for operations and maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructure on reserves.
• The Department will continue to support operator training and retention and will work with partners to expand capacity building and operator support for First Nations. The Department will continue to provide hands-on support to operators through the Circuit Rider Training Program.
• On December 2, 2020, $309.8 million was announced to enhance work already underway to address outstanding long-term drinking water advisories, and mitigate delays, including those experienced recently as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• In addition, Budget 2021 committed $4.3 billion over four years to support infrastructure projects in First Nations, Inuit and métis Nation communities, and $1.7 billion over five years, with $388.9 million ongoing, to cover the cost of operations and maintenance costs of community infrastructure in First Nations communities on reserve.The Department will continue to advocate for a continuation of program funding to ensure continued support for water and wastewater services in First Nations with the objective of obtaining long-term stable funding.
• The Department will continue to work with First Nations to conduct performance inspections of water systems annually and asset condition assessments every 3 years to identify deficiencies. The Department will proactively work with communities to address those deficiencies and prevent recurring advisories.
• The Department will continue to support First Nations-led engagement processes for the review of the 2013 Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act with the objective of developing new water legislation accepted by both the federal government and First Nations and for the co-development of a long-term strategy to ensure that drinking water systems are sustainable.
• The Department will continue to support the development of a more holistic asset management approach that allows for better forecasting and the ability to account for future infrastructure investment requirements while engaging on operations and maintenance policy reform.

If pressed on how the report's recommendations are being addressed

• Since November 2015, 106 long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserves have been lifted. Projects are now underway in 33 communities to resolve the remaining 52 advisories.
• Where interim solutions have been put in place to provide clean water to communities sooner, long-term solutions are being implemented in each community to address their long-term water needs.
• Budgets 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 and the 2020 Fall Economic Statement have made historic investments in First Nations water and wastewater infrastructure.
• In addition, Budget 2021 committed $4.3 billion over four years to support infrastructure projects in First Nations, Inuit and métis Nation communities, and $1.7 billion over five years, with $388.9 million ongoing, to cover the cost of operations and maintenance costs of community infrastructure in First Nations communities on reserve.
• With support from the Government of Canada, First Nations have replaced or renovated water and wastewater infrastructure, built capacity by training operators, lifted long-term drinking water advisories, and prevented short-term advisories from becoming long term.
• First Nations have used Government of Canada funding to launch 694 water and wastewater projects, including 99 new water and wastewater treatment plants and lagoons, and 436 projects to renovate or upgrade existing infrastructure.
• The government of Canada continues to work collaboratively with the Assembly of First Nations and other First Nations partners to develop a legislative framework to address the concerns of the existing Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act.

If pressed about resolving long-term drinking water advisories:

• The Government of Canada remains steadfast in its commitment to ending all long-term drinking water advisories for First Nations communities on reserves.
• As announced on December 2, 2020, additional funds include $309.8 million to continue work to lift all long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserves.
• Since November 2015, First Nations, with support from ISC, have since lifted 106 long-term drinking water advisories.
• Projects are now underway in 33 communities to resolve the remaining 52 long-term drinking water advisories, and the Government is committed to completing long-term solutions where interim solutions have been used to provide clean water to communities sooner.

If pressed on long-term solutions to access to safe drinking water:

• The Department continues to support long-term measures to ensure that First Nations have ongoing access to safe drinking water.
• Budgets since 2016 dedicated funds to First Nation communities for long-term stable funding, including funds to train operators of water and wastewater systems, with the goal of skill retention in their communities.
• Annually, ISC spends approximately $15 million on First Nations water and wastewater operator training.
• The Government of Canada is working closely with First Nation communities to ensure they have the resources they need to operate water systems to ensure everyone has access to safe drinking water on reserve.
• The Government of Canada continues to support the First Nations-led engagement process for the co-development of a long-term strategy to ensure that drinking water systems are sustainable.

If pressed on proactively identifying and addressing deficiencies in water systems to prevent recurring advisories:

• The Government of Canada works with First Nations to conduct performance inspections of water systems annually and asset condition assessments every three years to identify deficiencies including expanding the extended asset condition assessment process to better support planning for operations and maintenance and recapitalization needs. Based on these assessments, ISC will continue to proactively work with communities to address those deficiencies and prevent recurring advisories.
• On December 2, 2020, additional funds were announced to further increased support for the operation and maintenance of water systems, enabling First Nations to better sustain their infrastructure.
• The Government of Canada supports operator training and retention and working with partners to expand capacity building and operator support for First Nations.
• The Department supports the First Nations–led engagement process for the development of a long-term strategy to ensure drinking water systems are sustainable.
• ISC supports the development of a more holistic asset management approach that allows for better forecasting and the ability to account for future infrastructure investment requirements while engaging on operations and maintenance policy reform.

If pressed on investments in operations and maintenance:

• As part of Budget 2019, the Government of Canada invested $605.6 million over four years, with $184.9 million per year ongoing, to support the operations and maintenance of First Nations' community water and wastewater assets.
• On December 2, 2020, an additional $1.5 billion was announced which includes $616.3 million over six years, and $114.1 million per year ongoing, to increase the support provided for operations and maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructure on reserves.
• These funds will enable First Nations to better retain qualified water operators in their communities, including through improved salaries, according to First Nations priorities.
• These funds will also enable the stabilization of funding for operator support programs through the establishment of multi-year funding agreements to strengthen these programs.
• A new operations and maintenance policy is being co-developed with First Nations to ensure sufficient funding is provided to communities to operate and maintain drinking water infrastructure.

If pressed on the development and implementation of a regulatory regime for safe drinking water in First Nations communities:

• A new legislative framework for safe drinking water in First Nation communities is being co-developed in full partnership with the Assembly of First Nations.
• Best efforts will be made to introduce this new legislation that will support safe drinking water in First Nation communities.

Access to Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities—Indigenous Services Canada Report of the 2021 Reports 1 to 5 of the Auditor General of Canada

If pressed on drinking water advisories:

• First Nations are the owners and operators of their water and wastewater systems and are responsible for issuing or rescinding drinking water advisories, generally based on the advice of an environmental public health officer.
• Short-term drinking water advisories are put in place for various reasons such as water line breaks, equipment failure, or poor filtration/disinfection during water treatment.
• Communities may also choose to issue a drinking water advisory as a precautionary measure, such as when there are emergency repairs in the water distribution system or if a community does not have a trained Water System Operator.
• A drinking water advisory that has been in effect for more than 12 months can point to a more systemic issue and are referred to as long-term drinking water advisories.

If asked about resolving long-term drinking water advisories:

• The Government of Canada remains steadfast in its commitment to ending all long-term drinking water advisories for First Nation communities on reserves.
• ISC is supporting First Nations in their pandemic response and recovery. Necessary public health measures, human resources shortages, and supply chain interruptions continue to create delays in meeting targets.
• As announced on December 2, 2020, additional funds also include $309.8 million to continue work to lift all long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserves.
• This funding will enhance work already underway to address outstanding long-term drinking water advisories, and mitigate delays.
• In November 2015, there were 105 long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserves across the country. First Nations, with support from ISC, have since lifted 106 long-term drinking water advisories.
• There are currently no long-term drinking water advisories in effect on public systems on reserve in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec and the Atlantic Region.
• In every community with a long-term drinking water advisory, there is an action plan in place to resolve it.
• Projects are now underway in 33 communities to resolve the remaining 52 long-term drinking water advisories, and the Government of Canada is committed to completing long-term solutions where interim solutions have been used to provide clean water to communities sooner.
• In addition, Budget 2021 committed $4.3 billion over four years to support infrastructure projects in First Nations, Inuit and métis Nation communities, and $1.7 billion over five years, with $388.9 million ongoing, to cover the cost of operations and maintenance costs of community infrastructure in First Nations communities on reserve.

If pressed on short-term drinking water advisories:

• Water needs are dynamic, and short‑term advisories can arise for a number of reasons such as water line breaks, equipment failure, and maintenance or weather issues.
• Resolving short-term advisories before they become long-term is an important part of the overall work to eliminate long-term drinking water advisories.
• Budget 2019 dedicated an additional $739 million over five years, to support ongoing efforts to eliminate and prevent long-term drinking water advisories.
• While most of these situations are resolved quickly by the community operators, ISC continues to work closely with those communities that require support.
• Since November 2015, 179 short-term drinking water advisories (lasting between two and 12 months) have been lifted before becoming long-term.

If pressed on roles and responsibilities for safe drinking water on reserves:

• Responsibility for safe drinking water on reserves is shared between First Nation communities and the Government of Canada.
• First Nations are owners of their water and wastewater systems and are responsible for their daily operation and management, including issuing or rescinding drinking water advisories in their communities and taking necessary actions.
• ISC provides advice and financial support to First Nation communities for their public water and wastewater systems and ensures that drinking water quality monitoring programs are in place.

If pressed on COVID-19 and drinking water advisories:

• During a Boil Water Advisory or Do Not Consume Advisory, tap water can still be used to wash hands with soap and water and for personal hygiene.
• If a Do Not Use Advisory is in place, bottled water with soap or hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol should be used to wash hands.
• For First Nation communities currently on a drinking water advisory, ISC provides supplies such as bottled water, and hand sanitizer where needed.

Background

Investments in operations and maintenance

• The Government of Canada recognizes the importance of operations and maintenance in ensuring First Nation communities have sustainable infrastructure.
• As part of Budget 2019, the Government of Canada invested $605.6 million over four years, with $184.9 million per year ongoing, to support the operations and maintenance of First Nations' community water and wastewater assets.
• On December 2, 2020, an additional $1.5 billion was announced which includes $616.3 million over six years, and $114.1 million per year ongoing, to increase the support provided for operations and maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructure on reserves.
• In addition, Budget 2021 committed $4.3 billion over four years to support infrastructure projects in First Nations, Inuit and métis Nation communities, and $1.7 billion over five years, with $388.9 million ongoing, to cover the cost of operations and maintenance costs of community infrastructure in First Nations communities on reserve.
• With these new investments combined, by 2025 Canada will increase the annual funding it provides to support the operations and maintenance of water and wastewater systems on a permanent basis by almost four times.

If pressed on new investments in operations and maintenance:

• Responsibility for safe drinking water on reserves is shared between First Nation communities and the Government of Canada.
• First Nations are responsible for the daily operation and maintenance of their water and wastewater systems, and decide how operations and maintenance funding is used in the community, including determining operator salaries.
• The additional funds announced on November 30, 2020, will enable an increase to 100 per cent, up from 80 per cent, of formula-based funding for operations and maintenance, and will support First Nations to better sustain the approximately 1,200 water and wastewater systems across the country.
• Specifically, the funding will allow First Nations to improve water operator salaries and so better retain qualified operators in their communities, train new operators to build water maintenance capacity, improve or maintain asset condition ratings, and ensure longer lifecycles for water assets.
• The increase in operations and maintenance funding announced as part of the 2020 Fall Economic Statement has already started flowing directly to First Nations, with $150 million in operations and maintenance top-ups having been provided by the end of 2020-2021.

If pressed on operator salary:

• Local water operators are essential to ensuring communities have access to clean drinking water and reliable infrastructure. It is widely understood that retention can be directly linked to salary levels.
• The Department does not track the amount of funding spent directly on operator salaries. First Nations as owners and operators of their water and wastewater systems are responsible for determining salary levels of their water system operators.
• The increase in operations and maintenance funding will enable First Nations to support improved operator retention.

If pressed on operations and maintenance reform:

• The Department is aware that new approaches are needed in terms of funding the operations and maintenance of infrastructure on reserve.
• New investments in operations and maintenance provide an opportunity to make substantive progress towards Asset Management Reform – providing a predictable funding stream that allows for strategic decision-making built upon detailed asset information.
• The Department is working with the First Nations to co-develop a new approach to operations and maintenance for all infrastructure on reserve, including water and wastewater.

If pressed on the co-development process for a new legislation:

• The Government of Canada is committed to addressing the issue of safe drinking water on First Nations land in a process that respects self-determination and co-development.
• First Nations are supportive of establishing drinking water and wastewater standards on-reserve, just as the Government of Canada is committed to ensuring that drinking water standards on reserves are comparable to the standards enjoyed by all other Canadians.
• Concerns with the current Act include a lack of: funding commitment; recognition of First Nations rights; and mechanisms to protect off-reserve sources of drinking water.
• First Nations have expressed that the Government should address capacity and infrastructure issues in First Nation communities through additional funding before moving to regulation that requires certain standards.
• Several Assembly of First Nations resolutions were passed in 2018 and 2019 calling for the repeal of the Act and the creation of a First Nations-led engagement process to co-develop a new legislation on water and wastewater.
• ISC has been supporting the Assembly of First Nations in leading an engagement process on developing a new legislative framework to replace the existing Act and is also engaging with other First Nations on request.
• A Joint Working Group on Safe Drinking Water composed of ISC, federal partners and the Assembly of First Nations will be established and will develop a new legislative framework based on the results of engagements.

Background

Provinces and territories each have their own safe drinking water standards. There are currently no comparable, legally enforceable, federal standards on reserves. There are only the Government of Canada's policies, protocols and guidelines.

Several reports by committees between 2005-2011 emphasized the importance of developing and implementing a legislative and regulatory regime for safe drinking water, as well as sustained investment in infrastructure and capacity building. These include the 2005 Report of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development, the 2006 Expert Panel on Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Report, the 2007 Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples Report Nations and the 2011 National Assessment of First Nations Water and Waste Water Systems report. More recently, the Office of the Auditor General 2021 Report called Access to Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities recommended that ISC, in consultation with First Nations, should develop and implement a regulatory regime for safe drinking water in First Nations communities.

The Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act came into force in November 2013.The Act is an enabling legislation, allowing for the development of federal water regulations concerning safe drinking water and wastewater on-reserve. It allows for the development of regulations related to: the training and certification of operators of drinking and waste water systems; source water protection; the location, design, construction, modification, maintenance, operation and decommissioning of drinking water systems and waste water systems; drinking water distribution by truck; the collection and treatment of waste water; the monitoring, sampling and testing of waste water and the reporting of test results; the handling, use and disposal of products of waste water treatment.

The development of regulations under the current Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act was launched in fall 2014 using a phased regional approach, three regions at a time, and building on existing provincial territorial regimes: Phase I: Atlantic, Northwest Territories, Yukon; Phase II: Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan; and Phase III: Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia.

In fall 2015, the development of regulation was paused in order to implement the direction provided to the Minister to review all laws, policies and operational practice affecting Indigenous peoples, as well as at the request of First Nations who opposed the Act. In December of 2015, the Assembly of First Nations passed Resolution no. 76/2015 Safe Drinking Water for First Nations, calling on the federal government to repeal the Act and the develop of solutions to the provision of safe drinking water in partnership with First Nations, including "capital investments, operations and maintenance funding, personnel and training to eliminate drinking water advisories in all First Nation communities."

Federal legislation is a prerequisite for the development and implementation of federally regulated standards for drinking water and wastewater on First Nations lands. In view of First Nations opposition to the Act, the development of regulations under the current law is not proceeding. As such, to date, no enforceable federal regulations governing the provision of drinking water and the disposal of wastewater on First Nations lands have been adopted under the current act for any region.

If pressed on the AFN engagements:

• The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is leading the engagements with First Nations on the strategy. A first round of engagements took place in winter 2019-20, followed by the second round in winter 2020-21. It is expected that engagements will continue this year.
• ISC and the AFN will be meeting to discuss the results of the engagements and to determine next steps, including establishing a timeframe for developing the strategy.

If pressed on the details of the strategy:

• The strategy will be developed with full awareness of broader departmental infrastructure reform efforts, including operations and maintenance reform,  long-term infrastructure plans, and relevant transformation activities.
• The strategy is in the early stages of development and more information will become available in the coming months.

Background

• In March 2018, Treasury Board approved the Department's access to the remaining  three years of Budget 2016 funding for the First Nations Water and Wastewater Enhanced Program, with two conditions.
• The first condition required that a letter from the Deputy Minister of Indigenous Services Canada be sent to the Secretary of the Treasury Board on the Department's  progress in developing a long-term strategy to improve water and wastewater in First Nations, by March 2019. This condition was met in March 2019.
• The second condition required that a letter from the Deputy Minister of Indigenous Services Canada be sent to the Secretary of the Treasury Board confirming Cabinet approval of a long-term strategy for First Nation water and wastewater by March 2020.

(Redacted)

If pressed on water and wastewater investments by Budget:

• Budget 2016 provided $1.83 billion to improve water and wastewater infrastructure on reserves, ensure proper facility operations and maintenance, and strengthen capacity by enhancing the training of water system operators in First Nation communities.
• Budget 2017 provided $49.1 million over three years, starting in 2018-2019, to improve water and wastewater infrastructure on reserves.
• Budget 2018 provided $172.6 million to improve access to clean and safe drinking water on reserves. Budget 2018 also provided support for repairs to high-risk water systems, recruitment, training and retention initiatives, and the establishment of innovative First Nations-led service delivery models.
• Budget 2019 committed $739 million over five years, which includes: $133.4 million over two years, starting in 2019-2020, to support urgent repairs to vulnerable water and wastewater systems; $605.6 million over four years, starting in 2020-2021, and $184.9 million per year ongoing, to support the operations and maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructure in First Nation communities.
• As part of the 2020 Fall Economic Statement, an additional $1.5 billion was announced to help meet the Government of Canada's commitment to clean drinking water in First Nations communities. Funding includes:
  • $616.3 million over six years, and $114.1 million per year ongoing thereafter, to increase the support provided for operations and maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructure on reserves;
  • $553.4 million to continue funding water and wastewater infrastructure on reserve to prevent future drinking water advisories from occurring; and
  • $309.8 million to support and accelerate on-going work to lift all long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserves by helping to respond to project delays including those due to COVID-19.

If pressed on historical spending on water and wastewater infrastructure:

• Budgets 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, and the Fall 2020 Economic Statement have made historic investments in First Nations water and wastewater infrastructure.
• Between 2010-2011 and 2019-2020, a total of $2.92 billion has been invested towards improving water and wastewater infrastructure in First Nations communities. This amount reflects targeted and permanent departmental funding.
• In 2010-2011, the Department invested $250 million towards water and wastewater infrastructure improvements; through historic investments, this has increased to approximately $490 million annually.
• Between 2010-2011 and 2019-2020, at total of $1.39 billion has been provided to support the operations and maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructure on reserve.
• While operations and maintenance funding has increased annually over that time, significant increases in operations and maintenance funding support through Budget 2019 and the 2020 Fall Economic Statement have only begun to make an impact this past fiscal year.

If pressed on water and wastewater projects

• As of December 31, 2020, more than $1.82 billion of targeted funding has been invested to support 694 water and wastewater projects, of which 393 are now complete and 301 are ongoing.
• These projects will serve 463,000 people in 581 First Nation communities.
• Of the 694 water and wastewater projects, a total of 535 projects are new water and wastewater treatment plants or lagoons, or renovations and upgrades to existing water and wastewater systems.

Background

Note -  Funding levels decreased in 2019-2020 as some funding is now provided to First Nations through the New Fiscal Relationship (NFR) /10 years grants.

If pressed on water and wastewater transfer initiatives:

• One rapidly evolving example of transferring control of water and wastewater services is with the Atlantic First Nation Water Authority. This Authority will be undertaking water and wastewater services for 14 Indigenous communities in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick.
• The Authority, once fully operational, will assume ownership, responsibility and liability for water and wastewater capital and services for over 4500 households and businesses.
• ISC is also working in partnership with the North Shore Mi'kmaq District Council (New Brunswick) in the development of a water utility model for their seven member communities.
• In addition, ISC is working with the Southern Chiefs Organization of Manitoba to scope out a potential water authority that would serve the 34 communities they represent.

If pressed on roles and responsibilities for safe drinking water on reserves:

• On reserve, the provision of safe drinking water is a shared responsibility among First Nation communities and the Government of Canada.
• First Nations own and operate their water and wastewater systems, they also design and construct facilities.
• First Nations also monitor water and wastewater systems and issue and rescind drinking water advisories, typically on the recommendation of an Environmental Public Health Officer.
• ISC provides advice and financial support to First Nation communities for their public water and wastewater systems, and ensures that drinking water quality monitoring programs are in place.

Background

The Environmental Public Health Program (EPHP) in First Nation Communities South of 60º works to identify and prevent environmental public health risks in the natural and built environments that could adversely impact the health of community residents. The Environmental Public Health Program in First Nations communities works to identify and prevent environmental public health risks that could impact the health of community residents. The program also includes recommending corrective action to reduce these risks. In support of Health Canada's mission to help the people of Canada maintain and improve their health, the Environmental Public Health Program provides services to First Nations communities south of 60 degrees

Environmental Public Health Officers provide advice, guidance, education, public health inspections and recommendations to First Nations and their leadership to help them manage public health risks associated with the environment. They gather data required to analyze what steps can be taken to promote public health in First Nations communities.

Environmental Public Health Officers visit First Nations to do inspections, investigations and provide education and training sessions. Routine activities are provided as per community workplans that are agreed upon by Environmental Health Officers and Chiefs and Councils. Other activities are completed as required, upon request of Chiefs and Councils. Environmental Public Health Officers identify potential public health risks in First Nations communities and provide recommendations on how to correct them. Chiefs and Councils are responsible for addressing the recommendations provided.

In October 2013, responsibility for EPHP services in British Columbia was transferred to the First Nations Health Authority. North of 60 degrees, responsibility for environmental public health programming has been transferred to territorial governments or First Nations and Inuit control as part of land-claims settlements.

Most of EPHP's activities are delivered by Environmental Public Health Officers (EPHOs) who are certified public health inspectors that can be employed by the federal government in the regions or directly by Tribal Councils or First Nations organizations. The eight core areas of focus as outlined in the National Framework for the Environmental Public Health Program in First Nation Communities South of 60º (the Framework) include drinking water, wastewater, solid waste disposal, food safety, housing, facilities inspections, environmental communicable disease control, and emergency preparedness and response. EPHOs duties include but are not limited to:

• supporting and undertaking drinking water quality monitoring,
• making recommendations related to drinking water advisories,
• inspecting houses to evaluate indoor air quality, overcrowding, and general safety,
• inspecting food facilities and providing education on food storage, preparation and distribution to prevent foodborne illnesses,
• undertaking surveillance activities to prevent and address cases of communicable diseases, and
• providing site and installation inspections of sewage disposal systems in First Nation communities south of 60º.

Health impacts of drinking water in First Nations communities

• The Government of Canada is committed towards the goal of ensuring that all First Nations communities have access to safe, clean and reliable drinking water.
• In First Nations communities, community health nurses will identify clients assessed with symptomsthat suggest waterborne disease. 
• Environmental public health officers support monitoring of drinking water quality and risk identification.
• If concerns are raised, these health professionals will work with communities to undertake investigations. 
• To date, there has not been a confirmed case of a waterborne disease outbreak identified in a First Nation community.

If pressed

• Systematic collection of waterborne diseases outbreaks began in 2003.

If pressed on the effects of water quality

• The Department works directly with First Nations to assist communities in monitoring drinking water quality in all water systems, which includes providing advice and guidance about drinking water safety and wastewater disposal, and reviewing infrastructure project proposals from a public health perspective.
• Skin conditions can be caused by several factors, such as underlying medical conditions and environmental factors.  It can also be caused and/or exacerbated by other factors, such as crowded or high density living conditions and specific skin care practices.
• A focused examination of an individual's skin irritation or condition and an investigation into possible causes by a health care professional is needed to make an accurate assessment of potential cause.

If asked if the Government of Canada is defending itself against the class action lawsuits

• The Government of Canada respects the right of Indigenous groups to seek the Court's assistance on this important issue.
• Canada consented to the motions for certification as national class actions and ISC, as part of the certification, posted the notice on the national class action on the ISC website. The Government of Canada remains open to exploring the possibility of settling this matter and achieving a resolution of the litigation.
• The Government of Canada has made it a top priority to ensure everyone in this country has access to safe, clean and reliable drinking water. Since Budget 2016, ISC has committed  more than $4 billion towards water and wastewater infrastructure.

If asked about ISC's actions to assist the TCN First Nation with delivering clean and safe water to its residents:

• ISC and Tataskweyak Cree Nation continue to work together to improve water and wastewater service in the community.
• Since 2016, ISC has provided over $23.8 million toward water and wastewater upgrades, which has provided a new lagoon, lift station, distribution lines, and repairs and upgrades to the water treatment plant, as well as a detailed source water study. ISC continues to support the Tataskweyak Cree Nation in repairs and upgrades to their water treatment centre to ensure water quality continues to meet approved guidelines. 
• In Canada, all community water systems that draw water from surface water sources must be adequately treated using filtration (or equivalent technologies) and disinfection to ensure that it is safe for human consumption and free of any contaminants, waterborne bacterial pathogens, enteric protozoa and viruses.
• As part of the support that ISC provides to First Nations for the design, planning, upgrading, construction, procurement, commissioning, operation and maintenance of their water systems, ISC also provides funding to support sampling programs for drinking water quality to ensure the water at consumer's taps is clean, safe and considered potable per the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ).

If asked about ISC's actions to assist Curve Lake First Nation with delivering clean and safe water to its residents:

• Curve Lake First Nation, with support from ISC, is constructing a new water treatment system project that will provide clean and safe water to its residents.

If asked about ISC's actions to assist Neskantaga First Nation with delivering clean and safe water to its residents:

• ISC and Neskantaga First Nation continue to work together to finalize a water treatment system upgrade project that will provide clean and safe water to its residents, and end the community's long-term drinking water advisory.

If asked about rashes experienced by TCN members

• Routine annual testing conducted by ISC, in August 2020, found all bacterial levels in the community's water remained well within Health Canada's national Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ) guidelines. Routine water testing continues on a regular basis, and continues to meet GCDWQ guidelines. 
• In response to ongoing concern by community members, ISC has agreed to fund additional sampling of the Tataskweyak Cree Nation's drinking water. At the community's request, this will include broader testing for cyanobacterial toxins that do not have an established Mass Acceptable Concentration in the GCDWQ, and are not included in Health Canada's recommendations for routine cyanobacteria related sampling programs. 
• Final, administrative details for this project, including funding arrangements, are in progress. 
• Until these tests are completed, ISC is funding the provision of bottled drinking water for the community.

Background

In 2014, Tsuu T'ina Nation, Sucker Creek First Nation, Ermineskin Cree Nation and Blood Tribe, with reserves located within Treaties 6, 7 and 8 territories, sued Canada alleging that Canada created and sustained unsafe drinking water conditions on their reserves and throughout Canada. The First Nations claim declarations and damages for breach of fiduciary duty, breach of the honour of the Crown, and breaches of sections 7 and 15(1) of the Charter. The Assembly of First Nations has passed resolutions supporting this litigation. This action has been stayed by the Federal Court on consent of the parties for one-year periods since the fall of 2015. During this timeframe, the parties have entered into "without prejudice" meetings and discussions.

Okanagan Indian Band filed a claim in August 2019, seeking declarations that Canada has breached its fiduciary duty, breached the honour of the Crown, violated Charter rights, and breached its obligations under the Constitution by failing to create and sustain safe drinking water conditions on First Nations' reserves.

Curve Lake First Nation and Chief Emily Whetung, on her own behalf and on behalf of all members of the First Nation, claim that Canada has failed to address the inadequacies of their access to potable water and the resulting human consequences. On May 29, 2020, the Curve Lake First Nation amended their Statement of Claim on the class proceeding to include the Neskantaga First Nation and former Chief Christopher Moonias as plaintiffs. The Plaintiffs seek declarations that Canada has breached its fiduciary duty, breached the honour of the Crown, violated the Charter and, breached its obligations under the Constitution by failing to address the inadequacies of their access to potable water. The Plaintiffs further seek the immediate construction of appropriate water systems; $1 billion for breaches of Charter rights; $1 billion for breaches of fiduciary duty, negligence and nuisance; and, $100 million in punitive damages.

Tataskweyak First Nation filed a national class proceeding involving any First Nation band that has had a drinking water advisory lasting a year or more since 1995. The Band claims Canada breached its fiduciary duties, breached the Honour of the Crown, breached the Charter, section 36(1)(c) of the Constitution Act, and is liable for individual causes of action like nuisance and negligence. Both the Curve Lake/Neskantaga class action and the Tataskweyak Cree Nation class action have been certified with the consent of Canada.

Michael Daryl Isnardy (Toosey First Nation in BC), filed a proposed class action proceeding as an individual plaintiff in the Federal Court, representing aboriginal and First Nation persons unable to consume or use water from their community water systems on First Nation reserves. He claims the Crown created, sustained and allowed unsafe drinking water conditions, and is seeking declarations that Canada breached its fiduciary duty and duty of care to the community, violated sections 7 (life, liberty and security of the person) and 15(1) (equality right) of the Charter and, breached its obligations under paragraph 35(1) of the Constitution Act. The proposed class action proceeding was amended in early August 2020, to extend representation to all First Nations people (status and non-status), Inuit and métis people living on and off reserve. The Court has been advised of the death of the plaintiff in this proposed class action. Plaintiff's counsel has yet to advise on whether an alternate representative Plaintiff will be sought following the passing of Michael Isnardy, or if the claim will be discontinued.

If Pressed on ISC Influence on Selected Contractors

• First Nations are the owners of their water and wastewater systems and are responsible for the planning, design, procurement, construction, and operation and maintenance of on-reserve.
• Federally funded construction projects over $500,000 follow policies in line with industry standards, including open tendering processes and consideration of value for money.
• ISC provides funding and advice to First Nations in the planning, procurement, design, construction, and commissioning of their water and wastewater facilities.   

Background

First Nations are the owners of their water and wastewater systems and are responsible for the planning, design, procurement, construction, and operation and maintenance of on-reserve infrastructure. Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) provides funding and advice to First Nations in the planning, procurement, design, construction, operation and maintenance, and commissioning of their water and wastewater facilities. ISC's policy on tendering is titled Tendering Policy on Federally Funded Capital Projects for First Nations on Reserve. The policy states that for capital projects with construction costs over $500,000 that are funded in whole or in part by federal government contributions, open tenders must be called and publicly advertised to allow interested contractors an opportunity to bid on the project. Within the policy, the value for money criteria is defined as the lowest valid bid price, which incorporates specified provisions for local content, committed to by the contractor/supplier in carrying out the project, and any other provisions the First Nation deems necessary for carrying out the work. This is in line with industry standards for tendering of construction projects.

With respect to Neskantaga specifically, ISC supported Chief Chris Moonias' call for a third-party investigation into the business practices of construction, engineering and project management companies hired to end Canada's longest standing boil water advisory in a First Nation. The First Nation is conducting preparatory work on these important priorities, and ISC officials continue to engage with them as the work evolves. Approximately $25.5 million has been expended from 2001 to 2020 for Operations & Maintenance, capital, and minor capital on Neskantaga First Nation water and wastewater. This amount included an outstanding $1.9 million payment billed by Kingdom Construction Limited for work performed under their contract. The payment was not for any costs relating to damages as a result of the First Nation's decision to terminate their contract with Kingdom Construction. On October 20, 2020, Neskantaga First Nation evacuated residents to Thunder Bay due to issues with the community's water distribution system. A condition of repatriation was an investigation in relation to contracting and construction practices on water distribution and sewer systems for First Nations in Ontario. ISC agreed to this and other conditions, and residents were successfully repatriated to the community by December 20, 2020.

ISC received a draft Terms of Reference for the investigation from the community at the end of March 2021, which the Department has reviewed. Neskantaga First Nation has elected a new Chief (Wayne Moonias), who began his term on April 1, 2021. Departmental officials are seeking a meeting with Chief Wayne Moonias to determine if the new Chief and Council would like to proceed with this investigation.

Peepeekisis First Nation Water Treatment Plant

• First Nations own and operate their water and wastewater systems and are decision makers regarding the design and construction of facilities, with the support of Indigenous Services Canada (ISC).
• On the Peepeekisis First Nation, the total project cost was $9,380,904 and included urgent repairs, short and long-term repairs to the water treatment plant, including well rehabilitation. The project was fully funded by ISC.
• Nationally, there is no standard cost sharing agreement with First Nations for piped water distribution. Funding and cost-sharing requirements are project dependent.

Background

In the Saskatchewan Region, for low pressure waterline systems, ISC will fund $10,000 per house connection. This will contribute towards the cost of the connection to existing mainlines or treatment plant, and construction of the mainline, laterals, and booster stations, including pipe, booster stations, valves and air relief structures. In addition, ISC will also fund 50% of the cost associated with the house connections, and 50% of the costs associated for engineering and project management. Peepeekisis First Nation currently has 125 homes using cistern for potable water. 

First Nations desiring a level of service which is higher than provided for in the Level of Services Standards may provide such upgraded service with capital and related operational and maintenance funds obtained from their own revenue or other sources.

For Peepeekisis First Nation, as per the feasibility study completed by the First Nation's consultant, an estimate was provided to the band, with an ISC share of $1.6 million and a Band share of $8.5 million. ISC's share would cover up to 20% with the First Nation's cost share being the remainder of costs and will be dependent on tendered costs.

The Water and Wastewater Policy and Level of Services Standards outlines the levels of service that ISC is prepared to financially support to assist First Nations in providing community services comparable to the levels of service that would generally be available in non-First Nations communities of similar size and circumstances. The most appropriate level of service for a particular location will depend upon what is physically and economically feasible to provide while ensuring health and safety requirements are met. It should be noted that houses on-reserve are more likely to be serviced by piped water distribution than houses off-reserve in similarly sized municipalities.

Grassy Narrows – Mercury Contamination

• Through the Fall Economic Statement, our Government proposes $200.1 million over 5 years, starting in 2021-22, and $0.3 million ongoing to support the construction and operations of a mercury care home in Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows First Nation) and Wabaseemong Independent Nations.
• These centers will address the unique health care needs of residents, as well as provide supportive living for those who require it.
• Our Government recognizes that these communities have been dramatically affected by mercury discovered in the English-Wabigoon river system and suffer health issues to this day.

If pressed:

• Building a Mercury Care Home in these communities is an absolute priority for this government. Both Asubpeeschoseewagong and Wabaseemoong will receive their vision for a mercury home. Their members will get the care they need while staying closer to home, community and family.
• Indirect beneficiaries include community members in Asubpeeschoseewagong and Wabaseemoong, due to increased employment opportunities through the construction and staffing of the facilities.
• We can and will find consensus on a facility that meets the communities' health needs, now and in the long-term.

If pressed on funding

• We share the communities goal of finding solutions that meet their needs.
• This remains a priority and we will support the construction of the mercury facilities.
• We remain in discussion with these communities to advance the project as expeditiously as possible.

Mercury-related Data

• We are committed to ensuring that the residents of Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows) and Wabaseemoong have access to their community mercury-related data.
• Personal medical information that includes mercury data has been, and will continue to be, provided to individuals.
• We continue to offer free analysis of hair and blood samples to all residents of Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows)and Wabaseemoong, at their request.
• We will continue to work with community leadership and health care providers to answer questions and offer support to individuals in the community.   

If pressed on the drinking water advisory

• We are working in partnership with First Nations communities to improve water infrastructure on reserves and support access to safe, clean and reliable drinking water.
• We have provided funding for the construction of upgrades to Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows) First Nation's existing water treatment system.
• On September 29, 2020, the project was completed, which has resulted in clean and safe drinking water for all residents of Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows) First Nation. As a result, three long-term drinking water advisories in Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows) First Nation have been resolved.

Background

High levels of mercury contamination in the English-Wabigoon River system, discovered in 1970, caused very high levels of mercury exposure among people residing in the First Nations communities of Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows) and Wabaseemoong. Levels of exposure in the late 1960s and 1970s were sufficient to cause mercury poisoning among several highly exposed community members. The First Nations and Inuit Health Branch completed extensive annual monitoring for mercury in Asubpeeschoseewagong Grassy Narrows and Wabaseemoong First Nations, as well as other nearby communities, between 1971 and 2000.

Indigenous Services Canada's Environmental Health Officer conducts regular health visits in Asubpeeschoseewagong Grassy Narrows and Wabaseemoong, including ongoing surveillance of the community's drinking water system. Kenora Chief's Advisory annually monitors the communities' drinking water systems for chemical parameters under a devolution agreement. Mercury has never been detected in any of the Asubpeeschoseewagong Grassy Narrows drinking water samples.

In response to the community's request for immediate suicide prevention crisis support, the Department is providing $618,226 under Jordan's Principle to Kitapinoonjiiminaanik Family Services, to address the immediate mental health needs of children and youth in Asubpeeschoseewagong Grassy Narrows.  The Department also provided a permanent increase in Medical Transportation to ensure community members can access treatment where provided. 

$9 million was identified in Budget 2017 for the construction of a mercury treatment facility and funding was provided to AsubpeeschoseewagongGrassy Narrows First Nation to undertake a feasibility study. The final report outlined that a long-term care facility and specialized medical services were required to improve health outcomes in the community. Additional funding will be required to support the construction and operations of the mercury treatment facility. 

Funding

• Budget 2021 committed $4.3 billion over four years to support infrastructure projects in First Nations, Inuit and métis Nation communities, including housing.
• Through Budget 2018, the Government has invested $600 million over three years for First Nations housing; $500 million over 10 years for métis Nation housing; and $400 million over 10 years for Inuit-led housing.
• This is in addition to the $290 million over 10 years to support housing in Nunavut announced in Budget 2017.

Distinction-based First Nations Housing Strategy

• First Nations have led the co-development of a National First Nations Housing Strategy to ensure housing reform is reflective of their needs, endorsed by the Special Chiefs Assembly on December 5, 2018.
• The Assembly of First Nations, Indigenous Services Canada and the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation meet regularly to advance the national strategy and plan for its implementation.
• This collaboration ensures that housing and infrastructure reforms target a long-term approach to support the transition to First Nations care, control and management of housing, in a way that respects regional differences and First Nations' readiness.

Distinction-based Inuit Housing Strategy

• Improving Inuit housing is a priority for the Government.
• The Inuit Nunangat Housing Strategy, which was released in April 2019, was co-developed with Inuit and will be delivered by Inuit.
• The Strategy provides long-term vision and direction for Inuit housing premised on self-determination.
• Work is already well underway to deliver the Government's Inuit housing investments. This includes work facilitated directly by Inuit.

Distinction-based métis Housing Strategy

• Improving métis housing outcomes is a priority for the Government.
• During summer 2018, leaders from the métis Nation and Government of Canada signed the Canada-métis Nation Housing Sub-Accord, which will improve métis access to – and control of – affordable and social housing.
• This Sub-Accord reflects a shared commitment to narrow the core housing need gap and further Indigenous self-determination in this important area of social policy.

Indigenous Homes Innovation Initiative

• Supporting Indigenous‑led solutions is the only way to address the unacceptable socioeconomic gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada.
• This $36 million fund is designed to support Indigenous-led, community-driven projects that could serve as blueprints for new approaches.
• The Indigenous Steering Committee selected 24 Innovators; two projects received implementation funding and the other 22 projects continue to work towards this goal.
• The Indigenous Taskforce of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada is participating as mentors, to support the Innovators throughout the accelerator period.

Insufficient COVID-19 Related Infrastructure

• Poor housing conditions can contribute to the spread of COVID-19.
• ISC is working with communities to identify and support local surge health infrastructure needs to screen, triage, and isolate in case of an outbreak.
• Approaches include re-tooling existing community infrastructure, or purchasing and installing mobile structures.
• As of January 31st, 97 community spaces were identified for re-tooling and 389 mobile structures were funded.
• ISC will continue to work closely with partners to keep communities safe.

Background

As of December 31, 2020, ISC and Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) together reported a total of 21,429 housing units built, renovated and retrofitted. Of that amount, ISC is responsible for 9,567 housing units divided as follows:

• 3,067 new unit constructions, 2,020 of which are completed
• 6,500 unit renovations and upgrades, 4,069 of which are completed

CMHC is responsible for 11,862 homes, of which 9,351 are completed.

ISC has been collaborating with the Assembly of First Nations and its Chiefs Committee on Housing and Infrastructure and federal partners to co-develop a National First Nations Housing and Related Infrastructure Strategy, supported by $600 million over three years announced in Budget 2018. The Strategy was endorsed at the December 5, 2018 Special Chiefs Assembly, outlining the path forward to transition the care, control and management of housing to First Nations.

CIRNAC has worked in partnership with Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Inuit land claim governments and organizations, CMHC and Employment and Social Development Canada to develop the Inuit Nunangat Housing Strategy, which was made public on April 4, 2019. The Strategy is premised on self-determination with Inuit recipients holding the responsibility, decision‑making powers and capacity to meet housing needs at the regional level. Budget 2018 allocated $400 million over 10 years to support Inuit-led housing in the Inuit regions of Nunavik, Nunatsiavut and Inuvialuit, with an additional $290 million over 10 years for Nunavut from Budget 2017 through CMHC to the Government of Nunavut.

Canada and the métis Nation signed the Canada-métis Nation Accord in April 2017, with a number of year one priorities that parties agreed to collaborate on, including a métis Nation Housing Strategy. On July 19, 2018, the métis Housing Sub-Accord was finalized, outlining the design, delivery and administration of housing services undertaken by the Governing Members of the métis Nation to address the purchase of new houses, the repair of existing houses and the provision of rent-supplements to families most in need. The Housing Sub-Accord, funded at $500 million over 10 years announced in Budget 2018, reflects a shared commitment to narrow the core housing needs gap and further Indigenous self-determination in this important area of social policy.

The Indigenous Homes Innovation Initiative was launched on April 11, 2019, by the Minister of Indigenous Services and co-chairs of the Indigenous Steering Committee. 342 applications were received and 24 were selected by the Steering Committee as part of the Accelerator process. The Accelerator, launched January 20, 2020 provides Indigenous Innovators with funding and supports to further develop their idea into implementable proposals. In November 2020, the Indigenous Steering Committee has approved two projects to move to implementation. The Initiative is being done in partnership with Infrastructure Canada's Smart Cities Challenge and addresses the Government of Canada's commitment to a process specific to Indigenous communities that reflects their unique realities and needs.

If pressed on health services:

• The Government of Canada remains focused on supporting long-term investments that will improve the health and well-being of Indigenous communities.
• By listening to Indigenous communities, we have advanced shared priorities such as:
  • Approximately 91% of mothers travelling for childbirth in 2019-20 were accompanied by at least one escort.
  • Completing 197 of the 208 health-related infrastructure projects underway since 2016.
• The Department will continue working with partners towards improved health services and programs for Indigenous peoples.

Remote First Nation Communities – Access to Health Services

• The best success comes from Indigenous-led and delivered health systems.
• The Government is working with provincial and First Nations partners to achieve system-wide health transformation in northern First Nation communities.
• The Government is advancing work with partners in Manitoba, Quebec, Ontario and Saskatchewan on health system transformation, with $71 million dedicated over three years to support this work.

Distinctions-based Indigenous Health Legislation

• In a country as prosperous as Canada, no one should go without the care they need, when and where they need it. 
• Indigenous peoples have the right to high-quality health care and services that are adapted to their needs.
• The Government is committed to co-developing Indigenous Health legislation with First Nations, Inuit and métis that responds to the realities of Indigenous communities and increases their control over the development and delivery of services.

If pressed on how distinctions-based Indigenous health legislation relates to COVID:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for strong mechanisms and adequate funding to ensure that First Nations, Inuit, and métis have access to high-quality health and mental health services.
• Canada is committed to working with First Nations, Inuit, and métis partners to co-develop distinctions-based Indigenous health legislation through an agreed upon, collaborative engagement process.
• Co-development provides an opportunity to advance shared health priorities post COVID-19.
• Improving the health and wellness of First Nations, Inuit, and métis remains a priority for the Government of Canada.

Health services in the North:

• The Government is working with territorial and Indigenous partners to advance the health and safety of First Nations and Inuit in the North.
• While territorial governments are responsible for the delivery of health care in the territories, the Government works in partnership to ensure First Nations and Inuit have access to the culturally safe supports and services, including on the land activities.
• In 2020/21, we are allocating $47.5 million to support mental health programming and services in all 72 First Nations and Inuit communities in the three territories.

If Pressed on health services in the North during COVID-19:

• The Government is working with territorial and Indigenous partners to advance the health and safety of First Nations and Inuit in the North.
• The Government is supporting Indigenous communities to implement culturally relevant emergency measures to promote on the land physical distancing.
• To date, $65.9 million in distinctions-based funding has been announced through the Indigenous Community Support Fund to address the immediate needs in northern Indigenous communities, including urban and off-reserve.
• Recognizing the need for increased wellness supports, $10.6 million in funding has been provided to help northern Indigenous communities adapt and expand mental wellness services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• These funds are in addition to the $35.1 million allocated in 2020-21 to support mental health programming and services in all 72 First Nations and Inuit communities in the three territories.
• In response to COVID-19, a pan-territorial Indigenous working group has been established and will continue to work with Indigenous partners to help them protect their health and safety during this pandemic.

Indigenous mental wellness and COVID-19

• Many Indigenous communities face unique challenges in addressing COVID-19, some of which can lead to increased stress.
• The funding announced for Indigenous communities as part of Canada's COVID-19 response can be used to support access to mental wellness services while respecting physical distancing.
• The Government is working with partners to implement distance approaches to service delivery such as tele- and video-counselling for substance use services and other existing programs. The Hope for Wellness Help Line continues to offer crisis intervention services by telephone or chat.

If pressed on actions taken :

• The Government of Canada has seen success in supporting Indigenous-led approaches to mental wellness:
  • 63 new community-led mental wellness teams serving 344 communities.
  • Nishnawbe Aski Nation's Choose Life Initiative, benefiting more than 22,000 high-risk youth and children, the 24/7 Hope for Wellness Help Line and the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami's National Inuit Suicide Prevention Strategy.
• However, the roots of suicide in Indigenous communities also derive from a range of social inequities, and we continue to work to include wellness in all policies.

Nunavut

• The Government of Canada is working in close partnership with the Government of Nunavut and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated to respond to the mental wellness needs of Inuit in the territory.
• Through this partnership, we are contributing $224.5 million over 10 years through the Nunavut Wellness Agreement for community wellness initiatives.
• In 2020/21, $19.9 million in funding is being allocated to the Government of Nunavut and community organizations for mental wellness teams and other mental wellness services.

Territories:

• The health and safety of First Nations and Inuit is one of this Government's highest priorities.
• In 2020/21, the Government is allocating $35.1 million to support mental health programming and services in all 72 First Nations and Inuit communities in the three territories.
• Territorial Governments are responsible for the delivery of health care in the territories. The department works in partnership to ensure First Nations and Inuit have access to the culturally safe supports and services, including on the land activities.

If pressed on COVID-19 and mental wellness in the territories:

• The Government of Canada  is working closely with partners to ensure there is no gap in service in the territories during the COVID-19 crisis.
• In response to COVID-19, emotional and cultural supports, and mental health counselling for former students of residential schools, federal day schools, and their families, and those affected by the issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls continue to be available virtually and in person, while respecting physical distancing guidelines.
• The Government is supporting Indigenous communities to implement culturally relevant emergency measures to promote on the land physical distancing.

Suicide Crisis:

• The Government is working with Indigenous communities, partners and experts to advance Indigenous-led approaches to mental wellness.
• At the last AFN Special Chiefs Assembly, the Minister committed to working with groups like NAN, FSIN, and AFN to support the strategies they bring forward.
• In December 2019, the Minister committed $2.5 million for community-driven mental wellness services and prevention programming in Saskatchewan.
• The Department will continue to work in partnership to advance Indigenous-led approaches to address the social determinants of health.

AFN National Youth Suicide Strategy:

• The Government is deeply concerned about the tragic loss of life from suicide in many Indigenous communities, especially among youth.
• As the Minister said at the last AFN's Special Chief's Assembly, he shares their goal of addressing mental wellness as an urgent priority.
• The Department will work in partnership with Indigenous peoples to advance Indigenous-led approaches to mental wellness, as we did with NAN when they developed the successful Choose Life Initiative.

Background

Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) works collaboratively with partners to improve access to high‑quality services for First Nations, Inuit and métis. Our vision is to support and empower Indigenous peoples to independently deliver services and address the socio-economic conditions in their communities.

The First Nations and Inuit Health Branch within ISC supports First Nations and Inuit in their aim to influence, manage, and control health programs and services that affect them.

The most advanced model of First Nations health transfer is in British Columbia where a tripartite Framework Agreement was signed in 2011 and led to the full devolution of the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch's regional operations in 2013 to a newly established First Nations Health Authority.

Background

Recognizing that First Nation, Inuit and métis are among the most at risk and face unique challenges in addressing COVID-19, Canada has established a number of supports that are targeted specifically to Indigenous peoples. These supports are also a reflection of the role that the federal government plays with respect to service delivery on reserve and to Indigenous populations in urban settings. Canada's approach to supporting Indigenous peoples through this crisis recognizes the strength of Indigenous leadership, governments and organizations in determining and responding to the needs of their communities and the challenges faced by them.

As of April 2021, following the Budget 2021 announcements, the Government of Canada have committed over $5.4 billion to support Indigenous communities and organizations:

• $926.7 million to support the ongoing public health response to COVID-19 in Indigenous communities with an additional $478.1 million on a cash basis through Budget 21 to continue to support the ongoing public health response to COVID-19 in Indigenous communities, including support to hire nurses, help at-risk people to isolate, and distribute personal protective equipment.
• $1.8 billion to be delivered through the distinctions-based Indigenous Community Support Fund, with an an additional $760,800,000 provided through Budget 21.
  • ICSF1 consists of $380,000,000 available to all Indigenous communities and organizations through direct allocation
  • ICSF2 consists of $305,000,000 available to all Indigenous communities and organizations through direct allocation and a needs based process.
  • ICSF3 consists of $380,000,000 available to all Indigenous communities and organizations. $145 million in direct allocation to First Nation, Inuit and métis based on the same allocation methodology in ICSF 2;
    • $75 million for urban and off-reserve proposals;
    • $80 million for contingency funding was held in reserve at HQ to respond rapidly to acute pressures, such as outbreaks.
    • $23 million in needs-based allocations;
    • $30 million was set aside for requests related to perimeter security on reserve to respond rapidly to acute pressures, such as outbreaks.
    • The remaining $50 million was allocated to regions to support unfunded proposals or top-up proposals that were only partially funded in ICSF 2.
  • ICSF4 consists of $760,800,000 with delivery options being considered.
• $10 million for emergency family violence prevention shelters on reserve and in Yukon to support women and children fleeing violence.
• $137.3 million for health and social services support to the governments of Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.
• $34.3 million for territorial businesses, through CanNor's Regional Relief and Recovery Fund.
• $25 million for enhancement to the Nutrition North Canada Subsidy.
• $17.3 million in support for Northern Air Carriers.
• $15 million for CanNor's Northern Business Relief Fund.
• Up to $306.8 million in interest-free loans and non-repayable contributions to help small and medium-sized Indigenous businesses.
• $75.2 million in 2020-21, and an additional $150.6 million through Budget 21 over two years, starting in 2021-22, in distinctions-based support for First Nations, Inuit, and métis Nation students pursuing post-secondary education.
• $270 million to supplement the On-Reserve Income Assistance Program to address increased demand on the program, which will help individuals and families meet their essential living expenses.
• $44.8 million over five years to build 12 new shelters, which will help protect and support Indigenous women and girls experiencing and fleeing violence. The Government of Canada will also provide $40.8 million to support operational costs for these new shelters over the first five years, and $10.2 million annually ongoing. Starting this year, $1 million a year ongoing will also be provided to support engagement with métis leaders and service providers on shelter provision and community-led violence prevention projects for métis women, girls, LGBTQ and two-spirited people.
• $117 million to support community-owned and micro-businesses through the Indigenous Community Business Fund, with an additional $117 million provided through Budget 21 to extend this support.
• $33.4 million in 2021-22 to support the First Nations Finance Authority pooled borrowing regime;
• $16 million to support Indigenous tourism businesses through the COVID-19 Indigenous Tourism Stimulus Development Fund.
• $82.5 million in mental health and wellness supports to help Indigenous communities adapt and expand mental wellness services, improving access and addressing growing demand, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• $112 million to support a safe return to elementary and secondary schools for First Nations on reserves, with an additional $112 million provided through Budget 21 to extend this support.
• $41 million has been allocated to Canada's Territories to safely restart their economies and make the country more resilient to possible future surges.
• $120.7 million to help Indigenous early learning and child care facilities safely operate during the pandemic.
• $59 million for First Nations to adapt their on reserve community infrastructure.
• $25.9 million to provide immediate support to Indigenous post-secondary institutions in 2020-21, with an additional $26.4 million, in 2021-22, through the Post-Secondary Partnerships Program and the Inuit and métis Nation Post-Secondary Education Strategies to support Indigenous postsecondary institutions during COVID-19.
• $332.8 million in 2021-22 to support First Nations, Inuit and métis communities to offset declines in own-source revenues and to help ensure that Indigenous communities can continue to provide the same level of core community programs and services to their members.
• $186.8 million over two years to address needs and gaps in supportive care facilities and provide additional home care in Indigenous communities in order to protect elder and other vulnerable communities members
• $144.2 million in 2021-22 to the Indigenous Skills and Employment Training Program to bolster support to those hit hardest by the pandemic by providing training and supports to young Indigenous people, Indigenous people with disabilities, and out-of-territory and vulnerable Indigenous people to prepare them for good jobs. This funding also helps improve labour market data and service delivery.
• $3 million to CanNor for foundational economic development projects that will support small businesses in Canada's Territories.

The Government of Canada is working to secure safe and effective vaccines to prevent COVID-19. As of April 7, 2021, vaccinations in 614 communities are underway with 264,606 doses administered. ISC is also supporting vaccinations in urban Indigenous communities through supporting planning efforts and working closely with provinces and territories, First Nations, Inuit and métis partners, the National Association of Friendship Centres and other urban community service organizations.

It is important to note that First Nations, Inuit and métis people, regardless of where they reside, also have had access to all other measures provided through the Government of Canada's COVID-19 Economic Response Plan. These measures include the Canada Recovery Benefit (CRB), the Canada Recovery Sickness Benefit (CRSB), Canada Recovery Caregiving Benefit (CRCB), and Employment Insurance (which has undergone temporary changes to replace the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB).

If pressed on COVID Response

• Budget 2021 continues to support communities responding to COVID-19:
  • $478.1 million for the public health response;
  • An additional $760.8 million for the Indigenous Community Support Fund and $117 million for the Indigenous Community Business Fund;
  • $150.6 million over two years, for the Post-Secondary Student Support Program and the Inuit and métis Nation Post-Secondary Education Strategy;
  • $112 million in 2021-22 to extend support for children on reserve to attend school safely; and,
  • $33.4 million for small and medium enterprises.

If pressed on Anti-Indigenous Racism

• Incidences of mistreatment of Indigenous peoples in healthcare and policing are unacceptable and will not be ignored.
• This budget proposes to invests $126.7 million over three years to support initiatives to address anti-Indigenous racism in Canadian healthcare. This funding will support patient advocates, health system navigators, and cultural safety training for medical professionals.
• Additionally, $103.8 million over five years is proposed to enhance safety in Indigenous communities through the development of more holistic alternatives that support Indigenous visions of community safety and wellness models.

If pressed on Mental Wellness

• The mental health of Indigenous peoples across Canada is of the utmost importance to the Government of Canada.
• Building on recent significant annual investments of $425M through the Mental Wellness program, Budget 2021 proposes a further $597.6 million over 3 years to implement a comprehensive, distinctions-based, Indigenous-led approach to mental wellness.
• The strategy will renew funding for the Indian Residential Schools Health Supports Program and Crisis Line, stabilizes and expands community-based supports and capacity, increases substance use treatment and prevention, and supports workforce development.

If pressed on Economic Prosperity

• For Indigenous Peoples 'Building back better' requires more than a return to normal. For that reason, Canada is working to enhance economic resilience and prosperity through :
  • $6 billion over 5 years, with $388.9 million ongoing, to support infrastructure in Indigenous communities;
  • $64 million over three years for Aboriginal Entrepreneurship; and,
  • $36 million over three years to build capacity for local, economically-sustainable clean energy projects in First Nation, Inuit, and métis communities and support economic development opportunities.

If pressed on Infrastructure

• Continuing to make the necessary investments to close gaps and reduce inequalities in fundamental community infrastructure must not be postponed, even in the current fiscal context.
• $4.3 billion over four years, starting in 2021-22, for the Indigenous Community Infrastructure Fund, a distinctions-based fund to support immediate demands, as prioritized by Indigenous partners
• $1.7 billion over five years, starting in 2021-22, with $388.9 million ongoing, to cover the operations and maintenance costs of community infrastructure in First Nation communities on reserve.

If pressed on Health Care

• Canada is continuing to address the unique challenges faced by Indigenous communities during the pandemic by investing:
  • $354 million over five years to increase the number of nurses and other medical professionals in remote and isolated First Nation communities.
  • $107.1 million over three years to continue efforts to transform how health care services are designed and delivered by First Nation communities
  • $81.5 million over three years to continue work towards the development and implementation of a Distinctions-based Data Strategies.

If pressed on children and families

• The health, safety and wellbeing of Indigenous children and families will always be our priority. Budget 2021 will provide additional funding to First Nations communities not served by a delegated First Nations child and family services agency for prevention activities to help First Nations children and families stay together
• In addition, these funds will ensure that First Nations youth who reach the age of majority continue to receive the supports that they need, for up to two additional years, to successfully transition to independence.

Background

Proposed Indigenous investments as outlined in the Budget 2021 text include:

Supporting Indigenous Communities in the Fight Against COVID-19

Budget 2021 proposes to provide an additional $1.2 billion in 2021-22 to continue supporting the COVID-19 response in Indigenous communities as follows:

• $478.1 million on a cash basis to continue to support the ongoing public health response to COVID-19 in Indigenous communities, including support to hire nurses, help at-risk people to isolate, and distribute personal protective equipment.
•  An additional $760.8 million for the Indigenous Community Support Fund to help First Nations, Inuit, métis Nation communities, and urban and off-reserve Indigenous organizations serving Indigenous peoples meet the unique needs of their populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This will provide funding to: prevent the spread of COVID-19; support elders and vulnerable community members; provide mental health assistance and emergency response services; address food insecurity; and support
  children.

Improving Health Outcomes in Indigenous Communities

Budget 2021 proposes to invest $1.4 billion over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $40.6 million ongoing, to maintain essential health care services for First Nations and Inuit, continue work to transform First Nations health systems, and respond to the health impacts of climate change, including:

• $774.6 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, to ensure continued high-quality care through the Non-Insured Health Benefits Program, which supports First Nations and Inuit people with medically necessary services not otherwise covered, such as mental health services, medical travel, medications, and more.
• $354 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, to increase the number of nurses and other medical professionals in remote and isolated First Nations communities.
• $107.1 million over three years, beginning in 2021-22, to continue efforts to transform how health care services are designed and delivered by First Nations communities, building on the government's commitment to improve access to high-quality and culturally relevant health care for Indigenous peoples.
• $125.2 million over four years, beginning in 2022-23, to continue to support First Nations communities' reliable access to clean water and help ensure the safe delivery of health and social services on reserve.
• $22.7 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, to support First Nations and Inuit as they manage the health impacts of climate change, such as access to country food, impacts of extreme weather events, and mental health impacts of climate change on youth.

Distinctions-Based Mental Wellness Strategy

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $597.6 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, for a distinctions-based mental health and wellness strategy with First Nations, Inuit, and the métis Nation. The strategy will renew funding for the Indian Residential Schools Health Supports Program and Crisis Line, which provide healing supports for survivors of childhood trauma and residential schools. It will also stabilize and expand community-based supports and capacity, increase substance use treatment and prevention, and support workforce development.

Supporting Indigenous Children and Families

To support this important work, Budget 2021 proposes to provide $1 billion over five years, starting in 2021-22, with $118.7 million ongoing to increase funding under the First Nations Child and Family Services Program. Proposed funding would:

• Provide increased support to First Nations communities not served by a delegated First Nation agency for prevention activities to help First Nations children and families stay together, within their communities through the Community Well-being and Jurisdiction Initiative;
• Continue to implement orders from the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal; and
• Permanently ensure that First Nations youth who reach the age of majority receive the supports that they need, for up to two additional years, to successfully transition to independence; and,
• Also provides $73.6 million over four years, starting in 2021-22, to support the implementation of the Act.

These investments and the implementation of the Act will help realize the shared goals of prioritizing the best interests of children, increasing the number of communities exercising jurisdiction in relation to child and family services, and decreasing the number of children in care

Providing High-quality Education

Budget 2021 proposes to invest $1.2 billion over five years, and $181.8 million ongoing, including:

• $112 million in 2021-22 to extend COVID-19 support so children on reserve can continue to attend school safely, including PPE for students and staff, laptops to support online learning, and more teachers and other critical staff.
• $726 million over five years, starting in 2021-22, and $181.8 million ongoing, to enhance funding formulas in critical areas such as student transportation; ensure funding for First Nations schools remains predictable from year to year; and increase First Nations control over First Nations education by concluding more Regional Education Agreements.
• $350 million over five years, starting in 2021-22, to expand access to adult education by supporting First Nations people on reserve who wish to return to high school in their communities and complete their high school education.

Supporting Indigenous Post-secondary Education During COVID-19

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $150.6 million over two years, starting in 2021-22, to support Indigenous students through the Post-Secondary Student Support Program and the Inuit and métis Nation Post-Secondary Education Strategies. Many students are facing financial difficulty during the pandemic, as young people have suffered some of the worst job losses. This support would help offset lost income that many Indigenous students rely on to pay for tuition, books, housing, and other living expenses. The federal government knows that young people need support to get through this crisis so they can complete their education and succeed in their chosen fields.
• Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $26.4 million, in 2021-22, through the Post-Secondary Partnerships Program and the Inuit and métis Nation Post-Secondary Education Strategies to support Indigenous postsecondary institutions during COVID-19.

On-reserve Income Assistance

Budget 2021 proposes to invest $618.4 million over two years, while work continues, including:

• $540 million over two years, starting in 2021-22, to continue to address basic needs and increased program demand, including as a result of COVID-19
• $78.4 million over two years, starting in 2021-22, to continue providing case management and support to help people find work.

Indigenous Infrastructure

Budget 2021 proposes distinctions-based investments of $6.0 billion over five years, starting in 2021-22, with $388.9 million ongoing, to support infrastructure in Indigenous communities, including:

• $4.3 billion over four years, starting in 2021-22, for the Indigenous Community Infrastructure Fund, a distinctions-based fund to support immediate demands, as prioritized by Indigenous partners, with shovel- ready infrastructure projects in First Nations, including with modern- treaty and self-governing First Nations, Inuit, and métis Nation communities.
• $1.7 billion over five years, starting in 2021-22, with $388.9 million ongoing, to cover the operations and maintenance costs of community infrastructure in First Nations communities on reserve.

Supporting Indigenous Economies

To ensure the long-term resilience of Indigenous economies, Budget 2021 proposes to provide:

• $117 million in 2021-22 to renew the Indigenous Community Business Fund. This will ensure First Nations, Inuit, and métis Nation communities can continue to provide services and support jobs for their members through collectively owned businesses and microbusinesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
• $33.4 million in 2021-22 to support the First Nations Finance Authority pooled borrowing regime as follows:
  • $32.5 million to establish a First Nations Finance Authority Emergency Fund to provide repayable financial support for borrowing members encountering difficulties due to COVID-19 or future widespread economic shocks.
  • $925,000 to support the First Nations Finance Authority launch of the Commercial Paper Program that will lower interest rates for First Nation borrowers so they can secure more manageable funding.

Support for Indigenous Entrepreneurs

• Budget 2021 proposes to invest $42 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, to expand the Aboriginal Entrepreneurship Program. This will directly support Indigenous-led businesses and help Indigenous communities generate wealth by improving access to capital and business opportunities.
• Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $2.4 million in 2021-22 to the Indigenous Tourism Association of Canada to help the Indigenous tourism industry rebuild and recover from the impacts of COVID-19.
• Budget 2021 proposes to invest $22 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, to support the National Aboriginal Capital Corporations Association's (NACCA) Indigenous Women's Entrepreneurship Initiative by providing tools, services, and resources to increase the number of Indigenous women entrepreneurs. This funding would support NACCA in achieving its target of increasing the number of Indigenous women entrepreneurs who access financing through Aboriginal Financial Institutions by 50 per cent.

Securing Capital for Community Investments

• Budget 2021 announces the Government of Canada's intention to amend legislation and regulations to expand the types of revenues that First Nations may use to support borrowing from the First Nations Finance Authority, specifically to include revenues from the First Nations Goods and Services Tax and the First Nations Sales Tax.

Redesigning the Additions to Reserve Policy

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $43 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, to work with Indigenous partners and other stakeholders to redesign the federal Additions to Reserve policy and to accelerate work on existing requests from First Nations across the country.

Responding to the Tragedy of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

• Budget 2021 proposes to invest an additional $2.2 billion over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $160.9 million ongoing, to help build a safer, stronger, and more inclusive society.
• Culture
  • Budget 2021 proposes to provide $275 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $2 million ongoing to Canadian Heritage, to support the efforts of Indigenous peoples in the reclamation, revitalization, and strengthening of Indigenous languages as a foundation for culture, identity, and belonging. This funding will support various initiatives such as languages and culture camps, mentor-apprentice programs and the development of Indigenous languages resources and documentation.
  • Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $14.9 million over four years, beginning in 2021-22, to support the preservation of Indigenous heritage through Library and Archives Canada. This will ensure that Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, and all people in Canada have meaningful access to their cultures and languages.
  • Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $108.8 million over two years, beginning in 2021-22, to reestablish and revitalize Indigenous cultural spaces. Having a dedicated, permanent space to share culture is a key component of building strong Indigenous identities. Establishing cultural spaces that are inclusive of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people will help ensure they have a seat at the decision-making table. This proposal responds to the Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, which calls for all Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people to be provided with safe, no- barrier, permanent, and meaningful access to their cultures and language.
  • Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $40.1 million over three years, beginning in 2021-22, to Canadian Heritage to support the Indigenous Screen Office and ensure Indigenous peoples can tell their own stories and see themselves reflected on-screen.
  • Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $14.3 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $2.9 million ongoing, to ensure that Indigenous women and girls have access to meaningful sports activities through the Sport for Social Development in Indigenous Communities program.
• Health and Wellness
  • Budget 2021 proposes to provide $126.7 million over three years, beginning in 2021-22, to take action to foster health systems free from racism and discrimination where Indigenous peoples are respected and safe. This funding will support patient advocates, health system navigators, and cultural safety training for medical professionals.
  • Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $12.5 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $2.5 million ongoing, to support the well-being of families and survivors through project-based programming in collaboration with the National Family and Survivors Circle.
• Human Security and Safety
  • Budget 2021 proposes to provide $861 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $145 million ongoing, to support culturally responsive policing and community safety services in Indigenous communities. This includes:
    • $43.7 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, to co-develop a legislative framework for First Nations policing that recognizes First Nations policing as an essential service.
    • $540.3 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $126.8 million ongoing, to support Indigenous communities currently served under the First Nations Policing Program and expand the program to new Indigenous communities.
    • $108.6 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, to repair, renovate, and replace policing facilities in First Nation and Inuit communities.
    • $64.6 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $18.1 million ongoing, to enhance Indigenous-led crime prevention strategies and community safety services.
    • $103.8 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, for a new Pathways to Safe Indigenous Communities Initiative to support Indigenous communities to develop more holistic community-based safety and wellness models.
    • A new National Action Plan to End Gender-Based Violence, including $55 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, for the Department for Women and Gender Equality to bolster the capacity of Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ organizations to provide gender-based violence prevention programming aimed at addressing the root causes of violence against Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people.
• Justice
  • Budget 2021 proposes to provide $74.8 million over three years, beginning in 2021-22, to improve access to justice for Indigenous people and support the development of an Indigenous justice strategy to address systemic discrimination and the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the justice system. This includes:
    • $27.1 million to Justice Canada to help Indigenous families navigate the family justice system and access community-based family mediation services.
    • $24.2 million to Justice Canada to support engagement with Indigenous communities and organizations on the development of legislation and initiatives that address systemic barriers in the criminal justice system, including collaboration on an Indigenous justice strategy.
    • $23.5 million to the Public Prosecution Service of Canada to support victims of violence by increasing prosecutorial capacity in the territories.
• Working with Partners
  • Budget 2021 proposes to provide $36.3 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, and $8.6 million ongoing to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, to enhance support for Indigenous women's and 2SLGBTQQIA+ organizations, ensuring that the voices and perspectives of Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people are reflected in all aspects of decision-making that impacts their lives. This proposal responds directly to the MMIWG Call for Justice 1.8, which calls upon governments to provide core and sustainable funding to national, regional, and local Indigenous women's and 2SLGBTQQIA+ organizations.
  • Budget 2021 also proposes to provide $20.3 million over five years, beginning in 2021-22, to work with Indigenous partners to ensure that appropriate monitoring mechanisms are in place to measure progress and to keep the government accountable, now and in the future.

Implementation of Legislation on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $31.5 million over two years, starting in 2021-22, to support the co-development of an Action Plan with Indigenous partners to implement this legislation and to achieve the objectives of the Declaration. This process will support Indigenous self-determination and enhance nation-to-nation, Inuit-Crown and government-to-government relationships.

Escalating 10-Year Grant Funding

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $2.7 billion over 10 years, starting in 2021-22, to ensure that funding for core programs and services provided through the 10-year grants addresses key cost drivers. Escalation will be based on inflation and the population of each community, but a minimum of 2 per cent annual growth will be provided to ensure that First Nations within the grant receive stable and predictable funding. This will strengthen communities' ability to design and deliver services in a manner that reflects community priorities.

Supporting Indigenous Governance and Capacity

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $104.8 million over two years, starting in 2021-22, to support the administrative capacity of First Nations governments and other organizations that deliver critical programs and services.
• Budget 2021 also proposes to invest $151.4 million over five years, starting in 2021-22, to provide wrap-around supports for First Nations with the greatest community development needs.

Advancing Specific Claims Settlements

• The specific claims process helps right past wrongs and address First Nations' long-standing grievances through negotiated settlements. Canada is continuing to consult in order to co-develop program reforms. To provide timely payment of negotiated settlements of specific claims, while this work continues, Budget 2021 will replenish the Specific Claims Settlement Fund in 2022-23.

Commemorating the Legacy of Residential Schools

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $13.4 million over five years, with $2.4 million ongoing, to Canadian Heritage for events to commemorate the history and legacy of residential schools, and to honour survivors, their families and communities, as well as to support celebrations and commemoration events during the proposed National Day for Truth and Reconciliation.

Support for Indigenous-led Data Strategies

• Budget 2021 proposes to invest $73.5 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, to continue work towards the development and implementation of a First Nations Data Governance Strategy.
• Budget 2021 proposes to invest $8 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, to support Inuit and métis baseline data capacity and the development of distinctions-based Inuit and métis Nation data strategies.

Engagement with Indigenous Peoples

• Budget 2021 proposes to provide $50 million over five years, starting in 2021-22, and $10 million ongoing, to renew and make permanent dedicated consultation and policy development funding.

Supporting Self-determination Through Tax Agreements

• Budget 2021 announces the Government of Canada's intention to engage with interested Indigenous governments and organizations on a framework for the negotiation of agreements that would enable interested Indigenous governments to implement a fuel, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis sales tax within their reserves or settlement lands.

Kelly Block (Saskatchewan - Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek)

Conservative
Chair

Lloyd Longfield (Ontario—Guelph)

Liberal
First Vice-Chair

• Elected as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Guelph in 2015.
• Former member of the Public Accounts Committee (PACP) in the 43rd Parliament and is a standing Member of the Environment and Sustainable Development Committee (ENVI).
• Former Executive Director of the Guelph Chamber of Commerce, and former business executive.

Maxime Blanchette-Joncas (Québec—Rimouski-Neigette – Témiscouata – Les Basques)

Bloc Québécois
Second vice-chair

• Elected as the Member of Parliament for Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques in the 2019 federal election.
• BQ Critic for Public Accounts.
• Preceded in his riding by Guy Caron who served as the leader of the NDP from 2017 to 2019.
• Business Administration graduate from the University of Quebec in Rimouski and former administrative officer at the Business Development Bank of Canada.
• Was regional president of the Youth Forum of the Bloc Québécois.

Luc Berthold (Mégantic—L'Érable)

Conservative
Member

• Elected as the Member of Parliament for Mégantic—L'Érable in 2015.
• Critic for Treasury Board
• Previously the Vice-Chair of the Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities, and the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food.
• Prior to his election, Mr. Berthold was Nathalie Normandeau's Political Assistant, and communications advisor for the Leader of the Official Opposition in 1999, the Interim Director of communications for Quebec's Liberal Party in 2006, and worked as a speaker, coach and gave leadership training sessions.

Philip Lawrence (Northumberland—Peterborough South)

Conservative
Member

• Elected as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Northumberland—Peterborough South in the 2019 federal election.
• Shadow Minister of National Revenue.
• Former member of Standing Committee of Justice and Human Rights.
• Prior to his election, Mr. Lawrence received his BA from Brock University in Political Science, he attended Osgoode Hall Law School and the Schulich School of business to obtain his law degree and MBA and volunteered at the Financial Planning Standards Council.

Len Webber (Calgary Confederation)

Conservative
Member

Matthew Green (Ontario—Hamilton Centre)

NDP
Member

Kody Blois (Kings—Hants)

Liberal
Member

• Elected as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Kings—Hants in the 2019 federal election, in the riding formerly held by former TBS President Scott Brison.
• Current member of the Standing Committee for Agriculture and Agri-Food, and the Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food.
• Former member of the Standing Committee for Agriculture and Agri-Food, and the Standing Committee on Public Accounts.
• Blois completed degrees in commerce, law, and public administration - which sparked his interest in serving his community.

Greg Fergus (Hull—Aylmer)

Liberal
Member
Parliamentary Secretary to the President of the Treasury Board and Minister of Digital Government

Francesco Sorbara (Vaughn—Woodbridge)

Liberal
Member

• Elected as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Vaughan—Woodbridge in 2015.
• Member of the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics.
• Former member of the Standing Committee on Finance, as well as the Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Standing Committee on Finance, and the Standing Committee on Public Accounts.
• Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Revenue.
• Sorbara is a chartered financial analyst and worked in the global financial markets for nearly 20 years in both Canada and the United States for Scotiabank, JPMorgan Chase, and global credit rating agency DBRS.

Jean Yip (Scarborough—Agincourt)

Liberal
Member

• First elected in a by-election on December 11, 2017 as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Scarborough—Agincourt. Elected in 2019 as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Scarborough—Agincourt.
• Current member of the Special Committee on Canada-China Relations.
• Former member of the Public Accounts committee, and the Government Operations and Estimates Committee.